Study notes

Daniel 12

Introducing DanielWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

7:1–12:13 Section

These chapters record visions and messages that God gave Daniel. They are recorded as apocalyptic writing. They were mysteries that confused Daniel. Daniel had explained dreams and mysteries to Babylonian kings. In the same way, Gabriel and other angels explained these mysteries to Daniel. Even then Daniel still didn’t understand the visions and messages completely.

The animals that Daniel saw were signs for governments. Hundreds of years later animals were also signs for governments in John’s visions. John’s visions were recorded in Revelation chapters 13, 16 and 19. The animals Daniel saw were signs for Babylonia, Persia, Greece, Egypt and Syria. The animals’ horns were signs for the leaders of those governments. The actions of those leaders were described in chapter 11. Some of these leaders were like the man of sin Paul described many years later.

The visions were about events after Daniel’s time. Some events described in these visions took place during the rule of Antiochus IV. He was a Greek king in Syria. He ruled over the Jews in the land of Judah and Israel. At one point he stopped them from worshipping God in the temple. This seemed like the end of the Jews being God’s people. That is one reason these visions are about a time called the time of the end. But the Jews firmly opposed Antiochus IV and won the victory over him. Jews recorded this story in books that aren’t included in the Old Testament.

Daniel’s visions bring hope and comfort. They remind God’s people that God will stop the evil actions of human rulers. God will take care of his people even when they face suffering. The angel Michael’s work made that clear. Michael helped God’s people in spiritual fights. Daniel read Jeremiah’s prophecy about the exile lasting for 70 years. Daniel recognised that the exile was God’s judgement against the people of the southern kingdom. He prayed and asked God to take action to end the exile. He trusted that God would have mercy on them. He believed this not because the Jews were godly and obeyed God. He believed it because God loved them. Daniel wanted all people to know that God is the one true God. He believed this would happen if God allowed Jerusalem and the temple to be rebuilt.

New Testament writers understood something about the visions and messages God gave Daniel. They understood that parts of them came true through Jesus’ life and work. This was the case with the son of man and the Eternal God. It was also the case with life that will never end. Jesus had this life when God raised him from the dead. His resurrection means that all who believe in Jesus will have eternal life.

10:1–12:13

This final vision spans from 536 BC to a future when Daniel will rise from the dead and receive his inheritance. All earthly kingdoms will be destroyed. The eternal kingdom of the Son of Man will arise. God's people will finally be rescued, and death, the ultimate enemy, will be defeated.

11:2–12:7

The messenger shared a broad overview of history. It started with Persia, continued through the fall of Greece, and covered the rise and fall of a wicked king or several kings (Daniel 11:21–45). It concluded with the final resurrection and victory of God's people.

12:1–7

In the end times, God will save his people and defeat all enemies, including death.

12:4

Daniel had to keep the prophecy a secret (compare Daniel 7:28; 8:26). God would reveal it at the right time, at the end.

12:7

  • a time, and times, and half a time: God sets times for everything as he controls earthly and heavenly events (see study note on Daniel 7:24–25).

  • The breaking of the holy people was part of God's plan to purify them (Daniel 12:10).

12:8–10

  • God did not reveal exactly how and when everything would end. Daniel would not witness the end (Daniel 12:13); his task was to live his life with faith.

  • purified, made spotless, and refined: God would use violent and terrifying times to improve the moral and religious character of his people (compare Daniel 11:35).

  • Being wise means understanding God's ways and living by them. The wicked will not understand or change their ways, even if someone explains the vision to them.

12:11–12

  • the abomination of desolation: See Daniel 8:13–14, 23–26; 11:29–35. See also study note on Daniel 9:27.

  • God's people must wait and stay faithful when the end times come.

  • 1,290 days … 1,335 days: Some interpreters think these numbers relate to events during the reign of Antiochus IV Epiphanes. Others believe they are symbolic.

    The number 1,290 equals 43 lunar months of 30 days each, which is about three and a half years in the solar calendar. This might represent the final half of the last “set of seven” (Daniel 9:27).

    The number 1,335 might mean an extra 45 days of waiting until the end. Those who endure the entire time, and then some, will see God act for his people.

12:13

Daniel died before the end times, but he knew he would rise again. The end times refer to when even the dead rise (Daniel 12:1–3) and God's everlasting kingdom is established.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources