Study notes

Esther 10

Introducing EstherWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

8:3–10:3 Section

Haman’s orders to destroy the Jews couldn’t be stopped. But Xerxes allowed Esther and Mordecai to write a new order. This was the help for the Jews that Mordecai had talked about. It was how they were rescued from being destroyed.

The order that Mordecai wrote was very different from Haman’s orders. It wasn’t based on anger or on attacking and robbing other people groups. It was based on protecting the Jews. Mordecai’s order allowed the Jews to fight to protect themselves if they were attacked. They could do this on the 13th day of the 12th month. That was the day that Haman’s orders required everyone to kill the Jews.

Because of the new order, few people in Persia followed Haman’s orders. Instead, officials in the Persian government helped the Jews. Only enemies who were trying to destroy the Jews attacked them. The Jews had success in fighting against those enemies. In the city of Susa, the fighting continued for an extra day.

Mordecai’s order allowed the Jews to take what belonged to those who attacked them. But they didn’t do that. Instead, they gave presents to one another and to people who were poor. That was one way that the Jews celebrated that they had been rescued. This time of celebration became the Feast of Purim.

Mordecai’s order led to peace and rest for the Jews in Persia. Mordecai had almost as much authority in Persia as Xerxes did. He used his authority to do what was good for all of God’s people.

10:1–2

King Xerxes imposed heavy taxes on the provinces. These taxes funded the Persian government's high spending.

10:2

The Book of the History of the Kings of Media and Persia was the official record of Persian royalty. Although many ancient Persian records still exist, we have not found any mention of Mordecai's greatness in the records discovered so far.

10:3

Mordecai the Jew did not boast like Haman did (Esther 5:11–12). Instead, this righteous man always cared for others. He was rewarded with a high government position as prime minister and earned the respect of his people. He was very great among the Jews.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources