Study notes

Ezekiel 18

Introducing EzekielWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

12:1–24:27 Section

Ezekiel continued sharing God’s messages of judgement among the Jews in Babylon. His actions of prophecy included packing bags for a trip and trembling while eating. He groaned and beat his chest and also drew a map for the king of Babylon. He didn’t cry when his wife died even though he loved her.

Some messages he spoke clearly to the people. He gave a short account of the entire history of Israel. He spoke against men and women who were false prophets. He spoke against elders who asked God for advice even while they worshipped false gods. Some people accused God of being unfair. They said that God punished them for sins they hadn’t committed. Those sins had been committed by their parents and their people from long ago. Ezekiel explained that God always and only ever does what is fair. God holds each person responsible for their own choices.

Ezekiel sang a sad song about Israel’s princes. Then he spoke clearly about King Zedekiah as an unholy and evil prince. Some Jews said that the judgement Ezekiel announced wouldn’t come for a very long time. They didn’t believe that God would allow Jerusalem to be destroyed. They didn’t believe that they deserved to be judged in this way. They didn’t think that they had lived in evil ways that had to be stopped. And they trusted that other nations would save Jerusalem from the Babylonian armies. God said that the time had come for him to act. This made it clear that no one could stop his judgement from coming.

Ezekiel shared some of God’s messages as poems and others as stories. In these stories God compared his people to different things. He compared them to a useless vine that was burnt in a fire. He compared them to a vine that grew the wrong way. He compared them to the scum left behind when metals are burnt to make silver. They were like meat in a pot that would be cooked over a hot fire. These were ways to describe the sins of the southern kingdom.

God compared his people to a baby girl that God rescued from the desert. But she grew up to be an unfaithful wife to God. God described Jerusalem and Samaria as two sisters who belonged to God. But they acted like prostitutes. These stories don’t mean that God had sex with anyone. God used marriage as a way to talk about being faithful and committed.

God had committed himself to being the Israelites’ God for ever. He had done this in the Mount Sinai covenant. The Israelites had committed to faithfully following the Law of Moses. The most important part of that was to worship and serve God only. But the people of the northern kingdom and the southern kingdom hadn’t done that. They didn’t trust God to give them peace, rest and safety. Instead they trusted the governments of nations like Assyria, Egypt and Babylon to protect them.

They followed the practices of the nations around them. They worshipped the false gods of other nations. This led them to treat needy people badly. It led them to want more and more wealth. It led them to sacrifice children to false gods. All of these things went against God’s laws. These were ways that God’s people had been unfaithful to him.

18:1–2

The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the teeth of the children are set on edge: The people were repeating a proverb. This meant that innocent children sometimes suffer for their parents’ actions.

In Ezekiel’s time, the people used this saying to make a complaint. They believed that their ancestors had committed the sins that caused the exile. They thought they were suffering for sins they did not commit (compare Lamentations 5:7).

18:3–4

The Lord's response to the proverb of Ezekiel 18:1–2 was to clearly state that it did not apply to this situation. Instead, the Lord always punishes only the guilty (Deuteronomy 24:16). God is always fair and just.

18:5–9

God's justice is shown through a case study of three imagined generations. In the first generation, a righteous man faithfully worships the Lord, stays sexually pure, and treats others fairly. A person who lives this way does not need to fear God's judgment.

18:7

Borrowers might need to provide objects as security to ensure loan repayment. However, if the object was an outer garment, which might be a poor man's only valuable possession, it had to be returned before nightfall so he could stay warm at night (see Exodus 22:26–27).

18:8

Lending money with interest to those in need was banned because it tempted lenders to exploit borrowers (see Exodus 22:25).

18:10–13

If the son of a righteous man (a man who lives in a right way before God) does not follow God’s ways or his father’s example, he is responsible for his own sin. If his life is completely different from what his father believed and practiced, he will bear his own guilt. He will face God’s judgment for his own actions.

18:14–18

The righteous son of an evil man will surely live. God will judge each person individually.

18:21–24

Ezekiel gives two more examples.

First, wicked people (those who do evil) who turn away from their sins can receive God’s forgiveness.

Second, righteous people (those who live in a right way before God) who begin to sin will face judgment.

18:23–24

God does not want wicked people to die. He made Ezekiel a watchman to guide the wicked toward a godly life and to warn the righteous not to stray (Ezekiel 3:16–19; 33:1–9).

18:25–29

Israel's issue was not that the Lord was unjust, but that they kept doing wrong. They fully deserved God's judgment.

18:30–32

This chapter ends with a strong appeal to the people of Israel. God calls them to turn back to him and live.

It was not too late for them to repent. They could turn from their sins and receive forgiveness. God promised to give them a new heart and a new spirit (Ezekiel 11:19; 36:26).

A new heart and a new spirit mean an inner change. God would change their thoughts and desires. He would do this for all who turned from their rebellion and came to him with humility.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources