Study notes

Hosea 7

Introducing HoseaWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

4:1–14:9 Section

The people and leaders of the northern kingdom hadn’t loved God. They hadn’t shown faithfulness to him. The way that God explained this was like bringing charges against them in court. God accused them of not being faithful to the Mount Sinai covenant.

The people and leaders of the northern kingdom didn’t honour God as God. They stole and told lies. They committed murder and adultery. These things went against the Ten Commandments. The ways that God’s people acted brought harm to the land and animals around them. This showed that they weren’t being rulers of God’s creation like they should be.

They burnt incense to false gods on high places. They killed human beings and sacrificed them to false gods. This showed that God’s people didn’t recognise who God is. They didn’t recognise how he wanted to be worshipped.

The priests didn’t lead the people in following the Law of Moses. Many prophets didn’t speak the truth to the people. God’s people made fun of prophets who did speak the truth. The kings and princes didn’t follow God’s rules for kings recorded in Deuteronomy 17:14–20. They depended on the strength of their large armies and the armies of other nations. They trusted nations like Egypt and Assyria to save them when they were attacked. They didn’t cry out to God when they needed help.

Because of all of these things, God had made a decision. He would no longer keep the covenant curses from coming upon them. He would allow the northern kingdom to be destroyed by the armies of Assyria. The people and leaders of the northern kingdom would suffer terribly. Many would be killed and many would be forced to leave their land. They would be forced to live in Assyria and other nations. This was the exile of the northern kingdom.

God was very sad about this decision. He didn’t want it to happen. He wanted to bless and heal his people and give them success. But he could only do that if they changed their ways and did what was right and fair. He could do it if they recognised that he is God. He could do it if they asked him to forgive them. That was why God sent them messages through Hosea. God understood that his people refused to turn back to him. They refused to repent of their sin with their whole heart. But God’s heart was full of kindness, pity and mercy towards them. He described himself as Israel’s father. God was gentle and tender towards his son. He didn’t want his son to be destroyed.

God promised something for after the time of judgement. He promised to bring his people back from exile. Then they would follow God faithfully and he would love them freely.

7:1–2

  • When I heal Israel: God deeply desired to heal Israel's unfaithfulness (see Hosea 14:4) and restore her relationship with him. However, Israel was full of liars, thieves, and bandits.

  • The Israelites might have believed that the Lord was unaware of their sins, but he was watching them and saw everything they did.

7:3

The prophet did not record the king's name. Many people believe it was Hoshea, the last king of the northern kingdom.

7:3–7

The northern kingdom of Israel had seven different kings during the last twenty-five years of its history. Four of these kings were killed by men who seized the throne. This passage refers to the violent and bloody political struggles that happened in those years.

7:4

adulterers: Hosea used this term earlier to describe spiritual betrayal (Hosea 3:1). Here, it refers to those who were unfaithful to the king.

7:6

A simile effectively compares the plots and political intrigue of this turbulent time to a red-hot oven that sets the entire land on fire.

7:7

All their kings fall: The people of Israel killed their kings one after another. They did this to try to save their nation and their lives from the Assyrian army. During these final years, they relied on their own plans and schemes. They never thought to ask the Lord for help, who was their only true source of help.

7:8

  • Ephraim mixes with the nations: By trusting foreign nations instead of God for safety, the Israelites lost their purity and holiness, which set them apart for the Lord.

  • Flatbread needs turning at the right time to bake evenly on both sides. Otherwise, it burns on one side and stays raw on the other. Israel was like a half-baked cake and thus became worthless.

7:8–12

Israel ignored the Lord in both their international and domestic decisions. Like confused and helpless doves, they moved back and forth between Assyria and Egypt, trying in vain to make treaties that would save their land. Assyria and Egypt were the major powers of their time.

7:9

Foreigners: Israel's political relationships with other nations had damaged their spiritual health.

7:11

When Assyria invaded, Israel asked Egypt for help. When Egypt could not help, Israel tried to please Assyria by becoming its vassal (a kingdom that serves a stronger power).

7:12

Like a hunter catching birds, the Lord would trap foolish Israel to punish them.

7:13

  • Woe: The Hebrew word ’oy was used at funerals to mourn the dead. In God's eyes, Israel was as good as dead because they had rebelled against him. Rebelling against a human king was a capital crime. It was even more serious for God's people to rebel against their heavenly king.

  • I would redeem them: This Hebrew word means paying a fee to bring back someone who has been enslaved. It is often linked to the exodus from Egypt. The Lord wanted to do for the Israelites what he did when he freed their ancestors from slavery to pagan gods, but they lied about him.

7:14

They slash themselves: Hurting their own bodies was a common part of Canaanite worship (see 1 Kings 18:28). This practice was forbidden in Israel (Deuteronomy 14:1).

7:16

A faulty or loose bow cannot shoot an arrow to the target. This represents Israel's failure without God (see Hosea 7:8, 11).

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources