Acts 17:16

Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols.

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WEBBE

Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he saw the city full of idols.

BSB

While Paul was waiting for them in Athens, he was deeply disturbed in his spirit to see that the city was full of idols.

KJV

Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was stirred in him, when he saw the city wholly given to idolatry.

ASV

Now while Paul waited for them at Athens, his spirit was provoked within him as he beheld the city full of idols.

BBE

Now while Paul was waiting for them at Athens, his spirit was troubled, for he saw all the town full of images of the gods.

Original Greek

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The early church

Observe how he meets with greater trials among the Jews than among the Gentiles. Thus in Athens he undergoes nothing of this kind; the thing goes as far as ridicule, and there an end: and yet he did make some converts: whereas among the Jews he underwent many perils; so much greater was their hostility against him. "His spirit," it says, "was roused within him when he saw the city all full of idols." Nowhere else were so many objects of worship to be seen.
John Chrysostom · d. 407Homilies on Acts
"And while Paul waited," etc. It is providentially ordered that against his will he stays there, while waiting for those others. "His spirit," it says, "within him was roused." It does not mean there anger or exasperation: just as elsewhere it says, "There was sharp contention between them." Then what does "was roused" mean? Was roused: for the gift is far removed from anger and exasperation. He could not bear it, but pined away.
John Chrysostom · d. 407Homilies on Acts

Commentary

Matthew Henry · Verses 16–21

Athens was then famed for polite learning, philosophy, and the fine arts; but none are more childish and superstitious, more impious, or more credulous, than some persons, deemed eminent for learning and ability. It was wholly given to idolatry. The zealous advocate for the cause of Christ will be ready to plead for it in all companies, as occasion offers. Most of these learned men took no notice of Paul; but some, whose principles were the most directly contrary to Christianity, made remarks upon him. The apostle ever dwelt upon two points, which are indeed the principal doctrines of Christianity, Christ and a future state; Christ our way, and heaven our end. They looked on this as very different from the knowledge for many ages taught and professed at Athens; they desire to know more of it, but only because it was new and strange. They led him to the place where judges sat who inquired into such matters. They asked about Paul's doctrine, not because it was good, but because it was new. Great talkers are always busy-bodies. They spend their time in nothing else, and a very uncomfortable account they have to give of their time who thus spend it. Time is precious, and we are concerned to employ it well, because eternity depends upon it, but much is wasted in unprofitable conversation.

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Cross-references: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. Hebrew and Greek data from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0. Library: sources.