Matthew 27:38

Then there were two robbers crucified with him, one on his right hand and one on the left.

World English Bible
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Other translations

WEBBE

Then there were two robbers crucified with him, one on his right hand and one on the left.

BSB

Two robbers were crucified with Him, one on His right and the other on His left.

KJV

Then were there two thieves crucified with him, one on the right hand, and another on the left.

ASV

Then are there crucified with him two robbers, one on the right hand and one on the left.

BBE

Then two thieves were put on crosses with him, one on the right and one on the left.

Original Greek

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The early church

All 6
The thief who was saved may be a sign of those who after many sins have believed on Christ.
Origen of Alexandria · d. 253Catena Aurea (Aquinas, 1274)
Or otherwise; Two thieves are set up on His right and left hand, to signify that the entire human race is called to the Sacrament of the Lord's Passion; but because there shall be a division of believers to the right, and unbelievers to the left, one of the two who is set on His right hand is saved by the justification of faith.
Hilary of Poitiers · d. 367Catena Aurea (Aquinas, 1274)
As Christ was made for us a curse of the cross, so for the salvation of all He is crucified as guilty among the guilty.
Jerome · d. 420Catena Aurea (Aquinas, 1274)
(Serm. 55, 1.) Two thieves were crucified with him, one on the right hand and one on the left, that in the figure of His cross might be represented that separation of all mankind which shall be made in His judgment. The Passion then of Christ contains a sacrament of our salvation, and of that instrument which the wickedness of the Jews provided for His punishment, the power of the Redeemer made a step to glory.
Leo the Great · d. 461Catena Aurea (Aquinas, 1274)
(ap. Gloss. ord.) Or, by the two thieves are denoted all those who strive after the continence of a strict life. They who do this with a single intention of pleasing God, are denoted by him who was crucified on the right hand; they who do it out of desire of human praise or any less worthy motive, are signified by him who was crucified on the left.
Remigius of Rheims · d. 533Catena Aurea (Aquinas, 1274)

Commentary

Matthew Henry · Verses 35–44

It was usual to put shame upon malefactors, by a writing to notify the crime for which they suffered. So they set up one over Christ's head. This they designed for his reproach, but God so overruled it, that even his accusation was to his honour. There were crucified with him at the same time, two robbers. He was, at his death, numbered among the transgressors, that we, at our death, might be numbered among the saints. The taunts and jeers he received are here recorded. The enemies of Christ labour to make others believe that of religion and of the people of God, which they themselves know to be false. The chief priests and scribes, and the elders, upbraid Jesus with being the King of Israel. Many people could like the King of Israel well enough, if he would but come down from the cross; if they could but have his kingdom without the tribulation through which they must enter into it. But if no cross, then no Christ, no crown. Those that would reign with him, must be willing to suffer with him. Thus our Lord Jesus, having undertaken to satisfy the justice of God, did it, by submitting to the punishment of the worst of men. And in every minute particular recorded about the sufferings of Christ, we find some prediction in the Prophets or the Psalms fulfilled.

Read Matthew Henry on Matthew 27 →

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Cross-references: Treasury of Scripture Knowledge. Hebrew and Greek data from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0. Library: sources.