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וַיִּקְבְּצוּ
vai·yik·be·tzu
and they gathered
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
אֶת־
'et-
(marks the object)
object indicator
כָּל־
kol-
all
noun · construct
מַחֲנֵיהֶם
ma·cha·nei·hem
armies their
noun · construct
אֲפֵקָה
'a·fe·kah
Aphek towards
noun
וְיִשְׂרָאֵל
ve·yis·ra·'el
and Israel
noun
חֹנִים
cho·nim
[were] encamped
verb · qal · participle
בַּעַיִן
ba·'a·yin
at the spring
noun · absolute
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
which
particle
בְּיִזְרְעֶאל
be·yiz·re·'el
[is] in Jezreel
noun
Now the Philistines brought all their forces together at Aphek, while Israel camped by the spring in Jezreel.
וְסַרְנֵי
ve·sar·nei
and [the] rulers of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
עֹבְרִים
'oe·rim
[were] passing along
verb · qal · participle
לְמֵאוֹת
le·me·'ot
to hundreds
noun · absolute
וְלַאֲלָפִים
ve·la·'a·la·fim
and to thousands
noun · absolute
וְדָוִד
ve·da·vid
and David
noun
וַאֲנָשָׁיו
va·'a·na·shav
and men his
noun · construct
עֹבְרִים
'oe·rim
[were] passing along
verb · qal · participle
בָּאַחֲרֹנָה
ba·'a·cha·ro·nah
at the last
adjective · absolute
עִם־
'im-
with
preposition
אָכִישׁ
'a·khish
Achish
noun
As the Philistine leaders marched out with their units of hundreds and thousands, David and his men marched behind them with Achish.
וַיֹּאמְרוּ
vai·yo·me·ru
and they said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
שָׂרֵי
sa·rei
[the] commanders of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
מָה
mah
what
pronoun
הָעִבְרִים
ha·'iv·rim
[are] the Hebrews
noun · absolute
הָאֵלֶּה
ha·'e·leh
(the) these
particle
וַיֹּאמֶר
vai·yo·mer
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אָכִישׁ
'a·khish
Achish
noun
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
שָׂרֵי
sa·rei
[the] commanders of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
הֲלוֹא־
ha·lo'-
¿ not
particle
זֶה
zeh
[is] this
particle
דָוִד
da·vid
David
noun
עֶבֶד
'e·ved
[the] servant of
noun · construct
שָׁאוּל
sha·'ul
Saul
noun
מֶלֶךְ־
me·lekh-
[the] king of
noun · construct
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
who
particle
הָיָה
ha·yah
he has been
verb · qal · perfect
אִתִּי
'i·ti
with me
preposition
זֶה
zeh
this
particle
יָמִים
ya·mim
days
noun · absolute
אוֹ־
'ov-
or
conjunction
זֶה
zeh
this
particle
שָׁנִים
sha·nim
years
noun · absolute
וְלֹא־
ve·lo'-
and not
particle
מָצָאתִי
ma·tza·ti
I have found
verb · qal · perfect
בוֹ
vo
in (the) him
suffix
מְאוּמָה
me·'u·mah
anything
noun · absolute
מִיּוֹם
mi·yom
from [the] day
noun · construct
נָפְלוֹ
na·fe·lo
fell he
verb · qal · infinitive
עַד־
'ad-
until
preposition
הַיּוֹם
hai·yom
the day
noun · absolute
הַזֶּה פ
ha·zeh
(the) this
particle
Then the commanders of the Philistines asked, “What about these Hebrews?” Achish replied, “Is this not David, the servant of King Saul of Israel? He has been with me all these days, even years, and from the day he defected until today I have found no fault in him.”
וַיִּקְצְפוּ
vai·yik·tze·fu
and they were angry
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
עָלָיו
'a·lav
towards him
preposition
שָׂרֵי
sa·rei
[the] commanders of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
וַיֹּאמְרוּ
vai·yo·me·ru
and they said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
לוֹ
lo
to (the) him
suffix
שָׂרֵי
sa·rei
[the] commanders of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
הָשֵׁב
ha·shev
send back
verb · hiphil · imperative
אֶת־
'et-
(marks the object)
object indicator
הָאִישׁ
ha·'ish
the man
noun · absolute
וְיָשֹׁב
ve·ya·sho
so may he return
verb · qal · imperfect
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
מְקוֹמוֹ
me·ko·mo
place his
noun · construct
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
where
particle
הִפְקַדְתּוֹ
hif·kad·to
you assigned him
verb · hiphil · perfect
שָׁם
sham
there
adverb
וְלֹא־
ve·lo'-
and not
particle
יֵרֵד
ye·red
he will go down
verb · qal · imperfect
עִמָּנוּ
'i·ma·nu
with us
preposition
בַּמִּלְחָמָה
ba·mil·cha·mah
in the battle
noun · absolute
וְלֹא־
ve·lo'-
and not
particle
יִהְיֶה־
yih·yeh-
he will become
verb · qal · imperfect
לָּנוּ
la·nu
of us
suffix
לְשָׂטָן
le·sa·tan
(into) an adversary
noun · absolute
בַּמִּלְחָמָה
ba·mil·cha·mah
in the battle
noun · absolute
וּבַמֶּה
u·va·meh
and (in) how
pronoun
יִתְרַצֶּה
yit·ra·tzeh
will he make himself acceptable
verb · hithpael · imperfect
זֶה
zeh
this one
particle
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
אֲדֹנָיו
'a·do·nav
master(s) his
noun · construct
הֲלוֹא
ha·lo'
¿ not
particle
בְּרָאשֵׁי
be·ra·shei
by [the] heads of
noun · construct
הָאֲנָשִׁים
ha·'a·na·shim
the men
noun · absolute
הָהֵם
ha·hem
(the) those
pronoun
But the commanders of the Philistines were angry with Achish and told him, “Send that man back and let him return to the place you assigned him. He must not go down with us into battle only to become our adversary during the war. What better way for him to regain the favor of his master than with the heads of our men?
הֲלוֹא־
ha·lo'-
¿ not
particle
זֶה
zeh
[is] this
particle
דָוִד
da·vid
David
noun
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
whom
particle
יַעֲנוּ־
ya·'a·nu-
people sing
verb · qal · imperfect
לוֹ
lo
of (the) him
suffix
בַּמְּחֹלוֹת
ba·me·cho·lot
in (the) dances
noun · absolute
לֵאמֹר
le·mor
(to) saying
verb · qal · infinitive
הִכָּה
hi·kah
he has struck down
verb · hiphil · perfect
שָׁאוּל
sha·'ul
Saul
noun
בַּאֲלָפָיו
ba·'a·la·fav
(on) thousands his
noun · construct
וְדָוִד
ve·da·vid
and David
noun
בְּרִבְבֹתָיו ס
be·ri·vo·tov
(on) ten thousands his
noun · construct
Is this not the David about whom they sing in their dances: ‘Saul has slain his thousands, and David his tens of thousands’?”
וַיִּקְרָא
vai·yik·ra'
and he summoned
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אָכִישׁ
'a·khish
Achish
noun
אֶל־
'el-
(to)
preposition
דָּוִד
da·vid
David
noun
וַיֹּאמֶר
vai·yo·mer
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אֵלָיו
'e·lav
to him
preposition
חַי־
chai-
[by] [the] life
adjective · absolute
יְהוָה
yah·weh
of Yahweh
noun
כִּי־
ki-
for
particle
יָשָׁר
ya·shar
[are] upright
adjective · absolute
אַתָּה
'a·tah
you
pronoun
וְטוֹב
ve·tov
and [is] good
adjective · absolute
בְּעֵינַי
be·'ei·nai
in view my
noun · construct
צֵאתְךָ
tze·te·kha
going out you
verb · qal · infinitive
וּבֹאֲךָ
u·vo·'a·kha
and coming in you
verb · qal · infinitive
אִתִּי
'i·ti
with me
preposition
בַּמַּחֲנֶה
ba·ma·cha·neh
in the camp
noun · absolute
כִּי
ki
for
particle
לֹא־
lo'-
not
particle
מָצָאתִי
ma·tza·ti
I have found
verb · qal · perfect
בְךָ
ve·kha
in (the) you
suffix
רָעָה
ra·'ah
evil
noun · absolute
מִיּוֹם
mi·yom
from [the] day
noun · construct
בֹּאֲךָ
bo·'a·kha
coming in you
verb · qal · infinitive
אֵלַי
'e·lai
to me
preposition
עַד־
'ad-
until
preposition
הַיּוֹם
hai·yom
the day
noun · absolute
הַזֶּה
ha·zeh
(the) this
particle
וּבְעֵינֵי
u·ve·'ei·nei
and in [the] eyes of
noun · construct
הַסְּרָנִים
ha·se·ra·nim
the rulers
noun · absolute
לֹא־
lo'-
not
particle
טוֹב
tov
[are] good
adjective · absolute
אָתָּה
'a·tah
you
pronoun
So Achish summoned David and told him, “As surely as the LORD lives, you have been upright, and it seems right in my sight that you should march in and out with me in the army, because I have found no fault in you from the day you came to me until this day. But you are not good in the sight of the leaders.
וְעַתָּה
ve·'a·tah
and therefore
adverb
שׁוּב
shuv
turn back
verb · qal · imperative
וְלֵךְ
ve·lekh
and go
verb · qal · imperative
בְּשָׁלוֹם
be·sha·lom
in peace
noun · absolute
וְלֹא־
ve·lo'-
and not
particle
תַעֲשֶׂה
ta·'a·seh
you will do
verb · qal · imperfect
רָע
ra'
evil
adjective · absolute
בְּעֵינֵי
be·'ei·nei
in [the] eyes of
noun · construct
סַרְנֵי
sar·nei
[the] rulers of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים ס
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
Therefore turn back now and go in peace, so that you will not do anything to displease the leaders of the Philistines.”
וַיֹּאמֶר
vai·yo·mer
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
דָּוִד
da·vid
David
noun
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
אָכִישׁ
'a·khish
Achish
noun
כִּי
ki
for
particle
מֶה
meh
what
pronoun
עָשִׂיתִי
'a·si·ti
have I done
verb · qal · perfect
וּמַה־
u·mah-
and what
pronoun
מָּצָאתָ
ma·tza·ta
have you found
verb · qal · perfect
בְעַבְדְּךָ
ve·'av·de·kha
in servant your
noun · construct
מִיּוֹם
mi·yom
from [the] day
noun · absolute
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
when
particle
הָיִיתִי
ha·yi·ti
I was
verb · qal · perfect
לְפָנֶיךָ
le·fa·nei·kha
(to) before you
noun · construct
עַד
'ad
until
preposition
הַיּוֹם
hai·yom
the day
noun · absolute
הַזֶּה
ha·zeh
(the) this
particle
כִּי
ki
that
particle
לֹא
lo'
not
particle
אָבוֹא
'a·vo'
I will go
verb · qal · imperfect
וְנִלְחַמְתִּי
ve·nil·cham·ti
and I will fight
verb · niphal · weqatal
בְּאֹיְבֵי
be·'o·ye·vei
against [the] enemies of
verb · qal · participle
אֲדֹנִי
'a·do·ni
lord my
noun · construct
הַמֶּלֶךְ
ha·me·lekh
the king
noun · absolute
“But what have I done?” David replied. “What have you found against your servant, from the day I came to you until today, to keep me from going along to fight against the enemies of my lord the king?”
וַיַּעַן
vai·ya·'an
and he answered
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אָכִישׁ
'a·khish
Achish
noun
וַיֹּאמֶר
vai·yo·mer
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
דָּוִד
da·vid
David
noun
יָדַעְתִּי
ya·da'·ti
I know
verb · qal · perfect
כִּי
ki
that
particle
טוֹב
tov
[are] good
adjective · absolute
אַתָּה
'a·tah
you
pronoun
בְּעֵינַי
be·'ei·nai
in view my
noun · construct
כְּמַלְאַךְ
ke·mal·'akh
like an angel of
noun · construct
אֱלֹהִים
'e·lo·him
God
noun · absolute
אַךְ
'akh
nevertheless
adverb
שָׂרֵי
sa·rei
[the] commanders of
noun · construct
פְלִשְׁתִּים
fe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
אָמְרוּ
'a·me·ru
they have said
verb · qal · perfect
לֹא־
lo'-
not
particle
יַעֲלֶה
ya·'a·leh
he will go up
verb · qal · imperfect
עִמָּנוּ
'i·ma·nu
with us
preposition
בַּמִּלְחָמָה
ba·mil·cha·mah
in (the) battle
noun · absolute
Achish replied, “I know that you are as pleasing in my sight as an angel of God. But the commanders of the Philistines have said, ‘He must not go into battle with us.’
וְעַתָּה
ve·'a·tah
and therefore
adverb
הַשְׁכֵּם
hash·kem
rise early
verb · hiphil · imperative
בַּבֹּקֶר
ba·bo·ker
in the morning
noun · absolute
וְעַבְדֵי
ve·'av·dei
and [the] servants of
noun · construct
אֲדֹנֶיךָ
'a·do·nei·kha
master(s) your
noun · construct
אֲשֶׁר־
'a·sher-
who
particle
בָּאוּ
ba·'u
they have come
verb · qal · perfect
אִתָּךְ
'i·takh
with you
preposition
וְהִשְׁכַּמְתֶּם
ve·hish·kam·tem
and you will rise early
verb · hiphil · weqatal
בַּבֹּקֶר
ba·bo·ker
in the morning
noun · absolute
וְאוֹר
ve·'or
and it will be light
verb · qal · weqatal
לָכֶם
la·khem
for (the) you
suffix
וָלֵכוּ
va·le·khu
and go
verb · qal · imperative
Now then, get up early in the morning, along with your master’s servants who came with you, and go as soon as it is light.”
וַיַּשְׁכֵּם
vai·yash·kem
and he rose early
verb · hiphil · wayyiqtol
דָּוִד
da·vid
David
noun
הוּא
hu'
he
pronoun
וַאֲנָשָׁיו
va·'a·na·shav
and men his
noun · construct
לָלֶכֶת
la·le·khet
to go
verb · qal · infinitive
בַּבֹּקֶר
ba·bo·ker
in the morning
noun · absolute
לָשׁוּב
la·shuv
to return
verb · qal · infinitive
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
אֶרֶץ
'e·retz
[the] land of
noun · construct
פְּלִשְׁתִּים
pe·lish·tim
[the] Philistines
noun · absolute
וּפְלִשְׁתִּים
u·fe·lish·tim
and [the] Philistines
noun · absolute
עָלוּ
'a·lu
they went up
verb · qal · perfect
יִזְרְעֶאל ס
yiz·re·'el
Jezreel
noun
So David and his men got up early in the morning to return to the land of the Philistines. And the Philistines went up to Jezreel.
1 Samuel 28
1 Samuel 30
Grammar, simply: what the labels mean · Look up a word
English: Berean Standard Bible (public domain). Hebrew and Greek data from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0. Grammar from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Sentence structure and references from MACULA Greek and Hebrew (Biblica / Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meaning groups from the UBS MARBLE Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, based on Louw & Nida. Words marked with a dotted line are found in only some manuscripts.