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גֶּפֶן
ge·fen
[was] a vine
noun · absolute
בּוֹקֵק
bo·kek
luxuriant
verb · qal · participle
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
פְּרִי
pe·ri
fruit
noun · absolute
יְשַׁוֶּה־
ye·sha·veh-
he made
verb · piel · imperfect
לּוֹ
lo
for himself
suffix
כְּרֹב
ke·ro
when [it] became numerous
noun · absolute
לְפִרְיוֹ
le·fir·yo
to fruit his
noun · construct
הִרְבָּה
hir·bah
he multiplied
verb · hiphil · perfect
לַמִּזְבְּחוֹת
la·miz·be·chot
(to) the altars
noun · absolute
כְּטוֹב
ke·tov
according to [the] good
verb · qal · infinitive
לְאַרְצוֹ
le·'ar·tzo
of land his
noun · construct
הֵיטִיבוּ
hei·ti·vu
they made good
verb · hiphil · perfect
מַצֵּבוֹת
ma·tze·vot
sacred pillars
noun · absolute
Israel was a luxuriant vine, yielding fruit for himself. The more his fruit increased, the more he increased the altars. The better his land produced, the better he made the sacred pillars.
חָלַק
cha·lak
it is slippery
verb · qal · perfect
לִבָּם
li·bam
heart their
noun · construct
עַתָּה
'a·tah
now
adverb
יֶאְשָׁמוּ
ye'·sha·mu
they will be held guilty
verb · qal · imperfect
הוּא
hu'
he
pronoun
יַעֲרֹף
ya·'a·rof
he will break
verb · qal · imperfect
מִזְבְּחוֹתָם
miz·be·cho·tam
altars their
noun · construct
יְשֹׁדֵד
ye·sho·ded
he will destroy
verb · piel · imperfect
מַצֵּבוֹתָם
ma·tze·vo·tam
sacred pillars their
noun · construct
Their hearts are devious; now they must bear their guilt. The LORD will break down their altars and demolish their sacred pillars.
כִּי
ki
for
particle
עַתָּה
'a·tah
now
adverb
יֹאמְרוּ
yo·me·ru
they will say
verb · qal · imperfect
אֵין
'ein
not
noun · construct
מֶלֶךְ
me·lekh
a king
noun · absolute
לָנוּ
la·nu
[belongs] to us
suffix
כִּי
ki
for
particle
לֹא
lo'
not
particle
יָרֵאנוּ
ya·re·nu
we fear
verb · qal · perfect
אֶת־
'et-
(marks the object)
object indicator
יְהֹוָה
yah·weh
Yahweh
noun
וְהַמֶּלֶךְ
ve·ha·me·lekh
and the king
noun · absolute
מַה־
mah-
what
pronoun
יַּעֲשֶׂה־
ya·'a·seh-
will he do
verb · qal · imperfect
לָּנוּ
la·nu
for us
suffix
Surely now they will say, “We have no king, for we do not revere the LORD. What can a king do for us?”
דִּבְּרוּ
di·be·ru
they have spoken
verb · piel · perfect
דְבָרִים
de·va·rim
words
noun · absolute
אָלוֹת
'a·lot
they have sworn an oath
verb · qal · infinitive
שָׁוְא
shav'
falsehood
noun · absolute
כָּרֹת
ka·rot
they have made
verb · qal · infinitive
בְּרִית
be·rit
a covenant
noun · absolute
וּפָרַח
u·fa·rach
and it sprouts up
verb · qal · weqatal
כָּרֹאשׁ
ka·rosh
like (the) poisonous plant
noun · absolute
מִשְׁפָּט
mish·pat
justice
noun · absolute
עַל
'al
on
preposition
תַּלְמֵי
tal·mei
[the] furrows of
noun · construct
שָׂדָי
sa·dai
a field
noun · absolute
They speak mere words; with false oaths they make covenants. So judgment springs up like poisonous weeds in the furrows of a field.
לְעֶגְלוֹת
le·'eg·lot
for [the] heifers of
noun · construct
בֵּית
beit
Beth
noun
אָוֶן
'a·ven
Aven
noun
יָגוּרוּ
ya·gu·ru
they will be afraid
verb · qal · imperfect
שְׁכַן
she·khan
[the] inhabitant[s] of
noun · construct
שֹׁמְרוֹן
sho·me·ron
Samaria
noun
כִּי־
ki-
for
particle
אָבַל
'a·val
it will mourn
verb · qal · perfect
עָלָיו
'a·lav
on it
preposition
עַמּוֹ
a·mo
people its
noun · construct
וּכְמָרָיו
u·khe·ma·rav
and pagan priests its
noun · construct
עָלָיו
'a·lav
on it
preposition
יָגִילוּ
ya·gi·lu
they will tremble
verb · qal · imperfect
עַל־
'al-
on
preposition
כְּבוֹדוֹ
ke·vo·do
glory its
noun · construct
כִּי־
ki-
for
particle
גָלָה
ga·lah
it has gone into exile
verb · qal · perfect
מִמֶּנּוּ
mi·me·nu
from it
preposition
The people of Samaria will fear for the calf of Beth-aven. Indeed, its people will mourn over it with its idolatrous priests — those who rejoiced in its glory — for it has been taken from them into exile.
גַּם־
gam-
also
adverb
אוֹתוֹ
'o·to
(marks the object) it
object indicator
לְאַשּׁוּר
le·'a·shur
to Assyria
noun
יוּבָל
yu·val
it will be carried
verb · hophal · imperfect
מִנְחָה
min·chah
tribute
noun · absolute
לְמֶלֶךְ
le·me·lekh
to king
noun · absolute
יָרֵב
ya·rev
Jareb
noun
בָּשְׁנָה
ba·she·nah
shame
noun · absolute
אֶפְרַיִם
'ef·ra·yim
Ephraim
noun
יִקָּח
yi·kach
it will seize
verb · qal · imperfect
וְיֵבוֹשׁ
ve·ye·vo·osh
and it may be ashamed
verb · qal · and + imperfect
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
מֵעֲצָתוֹ
me·'a·tza·to
from own counsel its
noun · construct
Yes, it will be carried to Assyria as tribute to the great king. Ephraim will be seized with shame; Israel will be ashamed of its wooden idols.
נִדְמֶה
nid·meh
[will] be destroyed
verb · niphal · participle
שֹׁמְרוֹן
sho·me·ron
Samaria
noun
מַלְכָּהּ
mal·kah
king its
noun · construct
כְּקֶצֶף
ke·ke·tzef
like a twig
noun · absolute
עַל־
'al-
on
preposition
פְּנֵי־
pe·nei-
[the] surface of
noun · construct
מָיִם
ma·yim
[the] waters
noun · absolute
Samaria will be carried off with her king like a twig on the surface of the water.
וְנִשְׁמְדוּ
ve·nish·me·du
and they will be destroyed
verb · niphal · weqatal
בָּמוֹת
ba·mot
[the] high places of
noun · construct
אָוֶן
'a·ven
wickedness
noun · absolute
חַטַּאת
cha·tat
[the] sin of
noun · construct
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
קוֹץ
kotz
thorn[s]
noun · absolute
וְדַרְדַּר
ve·dar·dar
and thistle[s]
noun · absolute
יַעֲלֶה
ya·'a·leh
it will grow up
verb · qal · imperfect
עַל־
'al-
over
preposition
מִזְבְּחוֹתָם
miz·be·cho·tam
altars their
noun · construct
וְאָמְרוּ
ve·'a·me·ru
and they will say
verb · qal · weqatal
לֶהָרִים
le·ha·rim
to the mountains
noun · absolute
כַּסּוּנוּ
ka·su·nu
cover us
verb · piel · imperative
וְלַגְּבָעוֹת
ve·la·ge·va·'ot
and to the hills
noun · absolute
נִפְלוּ
nif·lu
fall
verb · qal · imperative
עָלֵינוּ ס
'a·lei·nu
on us
preposition
The high places of Aven will be destroyed— it is the sin of Israel; thorns and thistles will overgrow their altars. Then they will say to the mountains, “Cover us!” and to the hills, “Fall on us!”
מִימֵי
mi·mei
since [the] days of
noun · construct
הַגִּבְעָה
ha·giv·'ah
(the) Gibeah
noun
חָטָאתָ
cha·ta·ta
you have sinned
verb · qal · perfect
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
O Israel
noun
שָׁם
sham
there
adverb
עָמָדוּ
'a·ma·du
they have remained
verb · qal · perfect
לֹא־
lo'-
not
particle
תַשִּׂיגֵם
ta·si·gem
will it overtake? them
verb · hiphil · imperfect
בַּגִּבְעָה
ba·giv·'ah
in (the) Gibeah
noun
מִלְחָמָה
mil·cha·mah
war
noun · absolute
עַל־
'al-
on
preposition
בְּנֵי
be·nei
sons of
noun · construct
עַלְוָה
'al·vah
injustice
noun · absolute
Since the days of Gibeah you have sinned, O Israel, and there you have remained. Did not the battle in Gibeah overtake the sons of iniquity?
בְּאַוָּתִי
be·'a·va·ti
at desire my
noun · construct
וְאֶסֳּרֵם
ve·'e·so·rem
and I will discipline them
verb · qal · and + imperfect
וְאֻסְּפוּ
ve·'u·se·fu
and they will be gathered
verb · pual · weqatal
עֲלֵיהֶם
'a·lei·hem
on them
preposition
עַמִּים
'a·mim
peoples
noun · absolute
בְּאָסְרָם
be·'a·se·ram
when harness them
verb · qal · infinitive
לִשְׁתֵּי
lish·tei
to [the] two
adjective · construct
עוֹנֹתָם
ei·no·tam
iniquities their
noun · construct
I will chasten them when I please; nations will be gathered against them to put them in bondage for their double transgression.
וְאֶפְרַיִם
ve·'ef·ra·yim
and Ephraim
noun
עֶגְלָה
'eg·lah
[was] a heifer
noun · absolute
מְלֻמָּדָה
me·lu·ma·dah
trained
verb · pual · participle
אֹהַבְתִּי
'o·hav·ti
[which] loved
verb · qal · participle
לָדוּשׁ
la·dush
to thresh
verb · qal · infinitive
וַאֲנִי
va·'a·ni
and I
pronoun
עָבַרְתִּי
'a·var·ti
I passed
verb · qal · perfect
עַל־
'al-
over
preposition
טוּב
tuv
[the] goodness of
noun · construct
צַוָּארָהּ
tza·va·rah
neck its
noun · construct
אַרְכִּיב
'ar·kiv
I will cause to draw
verb · hiphil · imperfect
אֶפְרַיִם
'ef·ra·yim
Ephraim
noun
יַחֲרוֹשׁ
ya·cha·ro·osh
it will plow
verb · qal · imperfect
יְהוּדָה
ye·hu·dah
Judah
noun
יְשַׂדֶּד־
ye·sa·ded-
it will harrow
verb · piel · imperfect
לוֹ
lo
(for) itself
suffix
יַעֲקֹב
ya·'a·ko
Jacob
noun
Ephraim is a well-trained heifer that loves to thresh; but I will place a yoke on her fair neck. I will harness Ephraim, Judah will plow, and Jacob will break the hard ground.
זִרְעוּ
zir·'u
sow
verb · qal · imperative
לָכֶם
la·khem
(for) yourselves
suffix
לִצְדָקָה
litz·da·kah
(to) righteousness
noun · absolute
קִצְרוּ
kitz·ru
reap
verb · qal · imperative
לְפִי־
le·fi-
(to) a mouth of
noun · construct
חֶסֶד
che·sed
loyalty
noun · absolute
נִירוּ
ni·ru
plow
verb · qal · imperative
לָכֶם
la·khem
(for) yourselves
suffix
נִיר
nir
unplowed ground
noun · absolute
וְעֵת
ve·'et
and [it is] time
noun · absolute
לִדְרוֹשׁ
lid·ro·osh
to seek
verb · qal · infinitive
אֶת־
'et-
(marks the object)
object indicator
יְהוָה
yah·weh
Yahweh
noun
עַד־
'ad-
until
preposition
יָבוֹא
ya·vo'
he will come
verb · qal · imperfect
וְיֹרֶה
ve·yo·reh
and he may rain down
verb · hiphil · and + imperfect
צֶדֶק
tze·dek
righteousness
noun · absolute
לָכֶם
la·khem
for you
suffix
Sow for yourselves righteousness and reap the fruit of loving devotion; break up your unplowed ground. For it is time to seek the LORD until He comes and sends righteousness upon you like rain.
חֲרַשְׁתֶּם־
cha·rash·tem-
you have plowed
verb · qal · perfect
רֶשַׁע
re·sha'
wickedness
noun · absolute
עַוְלָתָה
'av·la·tah
injustice
noun · absolute
קְצַרְתֶּם
ke·tzar·tem
you have reaped
verb · qal · perfect
אֲכַלְתֶּם
'a·khal·tem
you have eaten
verb · qal · perfect
פְּרִי־
pe·ri-
[the] fruit of
noun · construct
כָחַשׁ
kha·chash
lying
noun · absolute
כִּי־
ki-
for
particle
בָטַחְתָּ
va·tach·ta
you have trusted
verb · qal · perfect
בְדַרְכְּךָ
ve·dar·ke·kha
in own way your
noun · construct
בְּרֹב
be·ro
in [the] multitude of
noun · construct
גִּבּוֹרֶיךָ
gi·bo·rei·kha
warriors your
noun · construct
You have plowed wickedness and reaped injustice; you have eaten the fruit of lies. Because you have trusted in your own way and in the multitude of your mighty men,
וְקָאם
ve·kam
and it will arise
verb · qal · weqatal
שָׁאוֹן
sha·'on
an uproar
noun · absolute
בְּעַמֶּךָ
be·'a·me·kha
among people your
noun · construct
וְכָל־
ve·khol
and all
noun · construct
מִבְצָרֶיךָ
miv·tza·rei·kha
fortresses your
noun · construct
יוּשַּׁד
yu·shad
it will be devastated
verb · hophal · imperfect
כְּשֹׁד
ke·shod
like [the] devastation of
noun · construct
שַׁלְמַן
shal·man
Shalman
noun
בֵּית
beit
Beth
noun
אַרְבֵאל
'ar·vel
Arbel
noun
בְּיוֹם
be·yom
on [the] day of
noun · construct
מִלְחָמָה
mil·cha·mah
battle
noun · absolute
אֵם
'em
mother
noun · absolute
עַל־
'al-
with
preposition
בָּנִים
ba·nim
children
noun · absolute
רֻטָּשָׁה
ru·ta·shah
she was dashed in pieces
verb · pual · perfect
the roar of battle will rise against your people, so that all your fortresses will be demolished as Shalman devastated Beth-arbel in the day of battle, when mothers were dashed to pieces along with their children.
כָּכָה
ka·khah
thus
adverb
עָשָׂה
'a·sah
someone will do
verb · qal · perfect
לָכֶם
la·khem
to you
suffix
בֵּית־
beit-
O Beth-
noun
אֵל
'el
-el
noun
מִפְּנֵי
mi·pe·nei
(from) because of
noun · construct
רָעַת
ra·'at
[the] evil of
noun · construct
רָעַתְכֶם
ra·'at·khem
wickedness your
noun · construct
בַּשַּׁחַר
ba·sha·char
at (the) dawn
noun · absolute
נִדְמֹה
nid·moh
certainly (to be destroyed)
verb · niphal · infinitive
נִדְמָה
nid·mah
he will be destroyed
verb · niphal · perfect
מֶלֶךְ
me·lekh
[the] king of
noun · construct
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
Thus it will be done to you, O Bethel, because of your great wickedness. When the day dawns, the king of Israel will be utterly cut off.
Hosea 9
Hosea 11
Grammar, simply: what the labels mean · Look up a word
English: Berean Standard Bible (public domain). Hebrew and Greek data from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0. Grammar from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Sentence structure and references from MACULA Greek and Hebrew (Biblica / Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meaning groups from the UBS MARBLE Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, based on Louw & Nida. Words marked with a dotted line are found in only some manuscripts.