Hebrew, word by word · read right to left
Words
Sentence flow
Say it
Grammar
Colours
English
Each line is one clause. Indented lines depend on the line above them: “that…”, “so that…”, “who…”.
Tap any word to see what it means, its grammar in plain English and who it refers to.
וַיְהִי
vay·hi
and it came
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
דְבַר־
de·var-
[the] word of
noun · construct
יְהוָה
yah·weh
Yahweh
noun
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
יוֹנָה
yo·nah
Jonah
noun
שֵׁנִית
she·nit
a second [time]
adjective · absolute
לֵאמֹר
le·mor
(to) saying
verb · qal · infinitive
Then the word of the LORD came to Jonah a second time:
קוּם
kum
arise
verb · qal · imperative
לֵךְ
lekh
go
verb · qal · imperative
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
נִינְוֵה
nin·veh
Nineveh
noun
הָעִיר
ha·'ir
the city
noun · absolute
הַגְּדוֹלָה
ha·ge·do·lah
(the) great
adjective · absolute
וִּקְרָא
vik·ra'
and call out
verb · qal · imperative
אֵלֶיהָ
'e·lei·ha
against it
preposition
אֶת־
'et-
(marks the object)
object indicator
הַקְּרִיאָה
ha·ke·ri·'ah
the proclamation
noun · absolute
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
which
particle
אָנֹכִי
'a·no·khi
I
pronoun
דֹּבֵר
do·ver
[am] speaking
verb · qal · participle
אֵלֶיךָ
'e·lei·kha
to you
preposition
“Get up! Go to the great city of Nineveh and proclaim to it the message that I give you.”
וַיָּקָם
vai·ya·kom
and he arose
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
יוֹנָה
yo·nah
Jonah
noun
וַיֵּלֶךְ
vai·ye·lekh
and he went
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
נִינְוֶה
nin·veh
Nineveh
noun
כִּדְבַר
kid·var
according to [the] word of
noun · construct
יְהוָה
yah·weh
Yahweh
noun
וְנִינְוֵה
ve·ni·ne·veh
and Nineveh
noun
הָיְתָה
ha·ye·tah
it was
verb · qal · perfect
עִיר־
'ir-
a city
noun · absolute
גְּדוֹלָה
ge·do·lah
great
adjective · absolute
לֵאלֹהִים
le·lo·him
to God
noun · absolute
מַהֲלַךְ
ma·ha·lakh
a journey of
noun · construct
שְׁלֹשֶׁת
she·lo·shet
three
noun · construct
יָמִים
ya·mim
days
noun · absolute
This time Jonah got up and went to Nineveh, in accordance with the word of the LORD. Now Nineveh was an exceedingly great city, requiring a three-day journey.
וַיָּחֶל
vai·ya·chel
and he began
verb · hiphil · wayyiqtol
יוֹנָה
yo·nah
Jonah
noun
לָבוֹא
la·vo'
to go
verb · qal · infinitive
בָעִיר
va·'ir
in the city
noun · absolute
מַהֲלַךְ
ma·ha·lakh
a journey of
noun · construct
יוֹם
yom
a day
noun · absolute
אֶחָד
'e·chad
one
noun · absolute
וַיִּקְרָא
vai·yik·ra'
and he proclaimed
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
וַיֹּאמַר
vai·yo·mar
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
עוֹד
od
yet
adjective · absolute
אַרְבָּעִים
'ar·ba·'im
forty
noun · absolute
יוֹם
yom
day[s]
noun · absolute
וְנִינְוֵה
ve·ni·ne·veh
and Nineveh
noun
נֶהְפָּכֶת
neh·pa·khet
[is] about to be overturned
verb · niphal · participle
On the first day of his journey, Jonah set out into the city and proclaimed, “Forty more days and Nineveh will be overturned!”
וַיַּאֲמִינוּ
vai·ya·'a·mi·nu
and they believed
verb · hiphil · wayyiqtol
אַנְשֵׁי
'an·shei
[the] people of
noun · construct
נִינְוֵה
nin·veh
Nineveh
noun
בֵּאלֹהִים
be·lo·him
in God
noun · absolute
וַיִּקְרְאוּ־
vai·yik·re·'u-
and they proclaimed
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
צוֹם
tzom
a fast
noun · absolute
וַיִּלְבְּשׁוּ
vai·yil·be·shu
and they wore
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
שַׂקִּים
sa·kim
sackcloth(s)
noun · absolute
מִגְּדוֹלָם
mi·ge·do·lam
from great their
adjective · construct
וְעַד־
ve·'ad-
and unto
preposition
קְטַנָּם
ke·ta·nam
insignificant their
adjective · construct
And the Ninevites believed God. They proclaimed a fast and dressed in sackcloth, from the greatest of them to the least.
וַיִּגַּע
vai·yi·ga'
and it reached
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
הַדָּבָר
ha·da·var
the word
noun · absolute
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
מֶלֶך
me·lekh
[the] king of
noun · construct
נִינְוֵה
nin·veh
Nineveh
noun
וַיָּקָם
vai·ya·kom
and he arose
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
מִכִּסְאוֹ
mi·kis·'o
from throne his
noun · construct
וַיַּעֲבֵר
vai·ya·'a·ver
and he took off
verb · hiphil · wayyiqtol
אַדַּרְתּוֹ
'a·dar·to
cloak his
noun · construct
מֵעָלָיו
me·'a·lav
from on (the) him
preposition
וַיְכַס
vay·khas
and he covered
verb · piel · wayyiqtol
שַׂק
sak
sackcloth
noun · absolute
וַיֵּשֶׁב
vai·ye·shev
and he sat
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
עַל־
'al-
on
preposition
הָאֵפֶר
ha·'e·fer
(the) ash[es]
noun · absolute
When word reached the king of Nineveh, he got up from his throne, took off his royal robe, covered himself with sackcloth, and sat in ashes.
וַיַּזְעֵק
vai·yaz·'ek
and he had a proclamation made
verb · hiphil · wayyiqtol
וַיֹּאמֶר
vai·yo·mer
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
בְּנִינְוֵה
be·ni·ne·veh
in Nineveh
noun
מִטַּעַם
mi·ta·'am
from [the] decree of
noun · construct
הַמֶּלֶךְ
ha·me·lekh
the king
noun · absolute
וּגְדֹלָיו
u·ge·do·lav
and great [people] his
adjective · construct
לֵאמֹר
le·mor
(to) saying
verb · qal · infinitive
הָאָדָם
ha·'a·dam
the people
noun · absolute
וְהַבְּהֵמָה
ve·ha·be·he·mah
and the livestock
noun · absolute
הַבָּקָר
ha·ba·kar
the cattle
noun · absolute
וְהַצֹּאן
ve·ha·tzon
and the flock[s]
noun · absolute
אַל־
'al-
may not
particle
יִטְעֲמוּ
yit·'a·mu
they taste
verb · qal · imperfect
מְאוּמָה
me·'u·mah
anything
noun · absolute
אַל־
'al-
may not
particle
יִרְעוּ
yir·'u
they graze
verb · qal · imperfect
וּמַיִם
u·ma·yim
and water
noun · absolute
אַל־
'al-
may not
particle
יִשְׁתּוּ
yish·tu
they drink
verb · qal · imperfect
Then he issued a proclamation in Nineveh: “By the decree of the king and his nobles: Let no man or beast, herd or flock, taste anything at all. They must not eat or drink.
וְיִתְכַּסּוּ
ve·yit·ka·su
and they may cover themselves
verb · hithpael · and + imperfect
שַׂקִּים
sa·kim
sackcloth(s)
noun · absolute
הָאָדָם
ha·'a·dam
the people
noun · absolute
וְהַבְּהֵמָה
ve·ha·be·he·mah
and the livestock
noun · absolute
וְיִקְרְאוּ
ve·yik·re·'u
and let them call out
verb · qal · and + imperfect
אֶל־
'el-
to
preposition
אֱלֹהִים
'e·lo·him
God
noun · absolute
בְּחָזְקָה
be·cha·ze·kah
with strength
noun · absolute
וְיָשֻׁבוּ
ve·ya·shu·vu
and let them turn back
verb · qal · and + imperfect
אִישׁ
'ish
everyone
noun · absolute
מִדַּרְכּוֹ
mi·dar·ko
from way his
noun · construct
הָרָעָה
ha·ra·'ah
(the) evil
adjective · absolute
וּמִן־
u·min-
and from
preposition
הֶחָמָס
he·cha·mas
the violence
noun · absolute
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
which
particle
בְּכַפֵּיהֶם
be·kha·pei·hem
[is] in palms their
noun · construct
Furthermore, let both man and beast be covered with sackcloth, and have everyone call out earnestly to God. Let each one turn from his evil ways and from the violence in his hands.
מִי־
mi-
who
pronoun
יוֹדֵעַ
yo·de·a'
[is] knowing
verb · qal · participle
יָשׁוּב
ya·shuv
he will turn
verb · qal · imperfect
וְנִחַם
ve·ni·cham
and he will relent
verb · niphal · weqatal
הָאֱלֹהִים
ha·'e·lo·him
(the) God
noun · absolute
וְשָׁב
ve·shav
and he will turn back
verb · qal · weqatal
מֵחֲרוֹן
me·cha·ron
from [the] burning of
noun · construct
אַפּוֹ
'a·po
anger his
noun · construct
וְלֹא
ve·lo'
and not
particle
נֹאבֵד
no·ved
we will perish
verb · qal · imperfect
Who knows? God may turn and relent; He may turn from His fierce anger, so that we will not perish.”
וַיַּרְא
vai·yar'
and he saw
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
הָאֱלֹהִים
ha·'e·lo·him
(the) God
noun · absolute
אֶת־
'et-
(marks the object)
object indicator
מַעֲשֵׂיהֶם
ma·'a·sei·hem
deeds their
noun · construct
כִּי־
ki-
that
particle
שָׁבוּ
sha·vu
they turned back
verb · qal · perfect
מִדַּרְכָּם
mi·dar·kam
from way their
noun · construct
הָרָעָה
ha·ra·'ah
(the) evil
adjective · absolute
וַיִּנָּחֶם
vai·yi·na·chem
and he relented
verb · niphal · wayyiqtol
הָאֱלֹהִים
ha·'e·lo·him
(the) God
noun · absolute
עַל־
'al-
on
preposition
הָרָעָה
ha·ra·'ah
the evil
noun · absolute
אֲשֶׁר־
'a·sher-
which
particle
דִּבֶּר
di·ber
he had said
verb · piel · perfect
לַעֲשׂוֹת־
la·'a·sot-
to do
verb · qal · infinitive
לָהֶם
la·hem
to (the) them
suffix
וְלֹא
ve·lo'
and not
particle
עָשָׂה
'a·sah
he did [it]
verb · qal · perfect
When God saw their actions— that they had turned from their evil ways— He relented from the disaster He had threatened to bring upon them.
Jonah 2
Jonah 4
Grammar, simply: what the labels mean · Look up a word
English: Berean Standard Bible (public domain). Hebrew and Greek data from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0. Grammar from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Sentence structure and references from MACULA Greek and Hebrew (Biblica / Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meaning groups from the UBS MARBLE Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, based on Louw & Nida. Words marked with a dotted line are found in only some manuscripts.