Study notes

1 Samuel 28

Introducing 1 SamuelWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

27:1–31:13 Section

David and his men weren’t safe in Israel. A Philistine king gave them a town to live in. It was very hard for David not to live among the Israelites. Not being allowed to live in Israel was one of the covenant curses. Yet David was always faithful to God and worshipped only God.

Then the Amalekites destroyed David’s town. They captured David’s families’ and the families of his men. David and his soldiers were very sad and bitter about this. God helped them to get their families and belongings back. That happened while the Philistines went to attack the Israelites.

Saul was very afraid of the Philistine army. He tried to receive advice from God through dreams, prophets and casting lots. But he had refused to believe the words God had already told him through Samuel. Then he asked for help from a woman who was a medium. This means that she talked to spirits. She talked to the spiritual part of people whose bodies had died.

Samuel’s spirit told Saul the same things Samuel had told Saul before. Saul’s family line would no longer rule as kings. Saul, Jonathan and two of Saul’s other sons died in the battle against the Philistines. David was far away and wasn’t guilty of Saul’s death. After Saul died, the people of Jabesh Gilead honoured his body. They were the people Saul had rescued in his first battle as king.

28:1

for warfare: Fights between Israel and the Philistines happened often. In exchange for providing refuge, Achish expected David’s military involvement and cooperation.

28:3

had removed … from the land: Saul had either forced most mediums (people who claimed they could communicate with the spirits of the dead) to leave the land or put them to death. Or he had made necromancy (the practice of trying to speak with the dead) illegal (see study note on 1 Samuel 28:9).

28:4

  • Shunem was a border town in the land of Issachar (Joshua 19:18). It overlooked the Valley of Jezreel.

  • Mount Gilboa is at the east end of the Valley of Jezreel. The mountain got its name from a nearby village.

28:7

  • Without God's guidance, Saul turned to forbidden ways to learn God's will. Saul had earlier banned the occult practice that he now used himself (1 Samuel 28:3).

  • Endor was on the border between Israel and Philistia. The area near Israel’s border was probably a safer location for a banned practice.

28:9

killed: Literally cut off, suggesting that Saul might have had most of the mediums executed.

28:12

We do not know why seeing Samuel caused this woman to recognize Saul.

28:13

Saul asked the medium to describe what she saw that caused her to scream. She described a divine being, a god (Hebrew ’elohim) coming up. erhaps she observed a human figure with a godlike or angelic appearance, or her use of the term god might reflect a pagan belief that a person becomes a god (a spirit possessing supernatural abilities) after death.

28:16

Saul’s enemy was not David but the Lord himself.

28:24

fattened calf … flour … and baked unleavened bread: Preparing this meal required much time and effort. It showed generous hospitality (compare Genesis 18:5–7). The meal that the medium shared with Saul recalls the fine meal that Samuel once shared with Saul (1 Samuel 9:22–24). That earlier meal, shared with God’s prophet, marked the beginning of Saul’s kingship. This later meal, shared with a condemned medium, came shortly before Saul’s death.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources