Study notes

Esther 8

Introducing EstherWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

5:1–8:2 Section

Esther made a wise and clever plan to stop Haman’s orders. She didn’t tell Xerxes right away what she wanted. She invited Xerxes and Haman to two banquets. This made Haman feel proud and special.

He boasted to his wife and friends about being favoured by Xerxes and Esther. This made him bold. He made a plan to kill Mordecai right away. He didn’t want to wait until the 12th month.

But Haman was an example of what Proverbs 11:27 described. Bad things happened to him for planning to do evil. Instead of putting Mordecai to death, Haman had to honour Mordecai in front of others. Instead of being favoured by Esther, Haman was accused by her. Instead of having a good time at the second banquet, Haman made Xerxes very angry.

Haman’s plan to kill Mordecai was carried out against himself. Then Xerxes gave Mordecai the ring with the king’s royal mark or seal. This meant that Xerxes trusted Mordecai as an official and advisor.

8:1

Haman had promised the wealth of the Jews to those who would kill them (Esther 3:13). In contrast, King Xerxes gave Haman's property, the enemy of the Jews, to Queen Esther.

8:2

The signet ring Haman used to seal the decree to destroy the Jewish people (Esther 3:10) was now given to the Jewish person he most wanted to destroy.

8:3

Esther likely thought the king would cancel Haman’s decree immediately after Haman died, but that did not occur. This time, she was more determined to address Haman’s plan against her people.

8:3–10:3 Section

Haman’s orders to destroy the Jews couldn’t be stopped. But Xerxes allowed Esther and Mordecai to write a new order. This was the help for the Jews that Mordecai had talked about. It was how they were rescued from being destroyed.

The order that Mordecai wrote was very different from Haman’s orders. It wasn’t based on anger or on attacking and robbing other people groups. It was based on protecting the Jews. Mordecai’s order allowed the Jews to fight to protect themselves if they were attacked. They could do this on the 13th day of the 12th month. That was the day that Haman’s orders required everyone to kill the Jews.

Because of the new order, few people in Persia followed Haman’s orders. Instead, officials in the Persian government helped the Jews. Only enemies who were trying to destroy the Jews attacked them. The Jews had success in fighting against those enemies. In the city of Susa, the fighting continued for an extra day.

Mordecai’s order allowed the Jews to take what belonged to those who attacked them. But they didn’t do that. Instead, they gave presents to one another and to people who were poor. That was one way that the Jews celebrated that they had been rescued. This time of celebration became the Feast of Purim.

Mordecai’s order led to peace and rest for the Jews in Persia. Mordecai had almost as much authority in Persia as Xerxes did. He used his authority to do what was good for all of God’s people.

8:5

  • Esther asked for the unusual favor of reversing a law signed with the king’s seal.

  • the letters that the scheming Haman: Esther diplomatically avoided implying that the king was responsible for Haman's orders.

8:8

According to Persian law, once something is written, it cannot be revoked (see Esther 1:19; Daniel 6:8, 12; compare Psalm 148:6). However, a new decree with the king’s royal seal could provide different or competing instructions.

8:9

on the twenty-third day of the third month: The process of writing and sending the new decree intentionally mirrors the account of sending the original decree in Esther 3:12.

8:11

  • The king's decree allowed the Jewish people to defend themselves and take the property of their attackers. This reversed the earlier decree in Esther 3:13.

  • The phrase destroy, kill, and annihilate ironically repeats the words from Haman's original order (Esther 3:13; see also 9:5).

8:12

the thirteenth day of the twelfth month: This date was almost a year after Haman's first decree was announced (Esther 3:12).

8:13

The Hebrew word translated as avenge can also mean to establish justice. When civil government could not control all parties in a conflict, this law allowed those attacked to establish justice by addressing the wrongs done to them.

8:15

Just as the city of Susa was in chaos after Haman's first decree (Esther 3:15), now everyone celebrated. They understood the unfairness of the first decree and the fairness of the new one.

8:17

many of the people of the land themselves became Jews: They converted to Judaism.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources