Study notes

Ezekiel 43

Introducing EzekielWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

40:1–48:35 Section

Ezekiel’s last vision took place after he had been in Babylon for almost 25 years. This vision included everything that Ezekiel recorded through to the end of chapter 48.

Jerusalem had already been destroyed and the temple had been burnt down. The vision was about the city and the temple being made new again. Then the world around them would be made new. In this way the vision was like the story of the dry bones in chapter 37. In that story God’s people were dead. He gave them new life by putting his Spirit in them. In this vision God gave new life to Jerusalem and the temple. Then new life spread to the world from there. New life came because God’s glory returned to the temple. This meant that God ruled from there as the only God and King. God called the temple his throne and promised to live there for ever.

Ezekiel carefully recorded how long, wide and high many parts of the temple were. He described the nation’s borders. He described how much land went to each of the 12 tribes of Israel. He carefully recorded rules for sacrifices and feasts and taking care of the temple. He described the rules for priests and princes.

These careful records didn’t describe the temple rebuilt by Joshua and Zerubbabel. They didn’t describe the temple built by Herod the Great. They didn’t describe the land and people after the exile. These careful records were signs. They were signs of what God expected from his people. God expected his people to treat his name as holy. This meant that they would worship only him and obey him completely. This would allow them to fully be his people. It would allow him to fully be their God. This is what God had always wanted and why he made covenants with them.

Ezekiel’s careful records were also signs of what God planned to do on earth. He planned to do what he had promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. He would use their family line to bless all nations on earth.

In the vision, all 12 tribes of Israel received land. So did outsiders who had joined them. All together they were a sign of all people who were committed to God. In the vision a river flowed from the temple down to the Dead Sea. Ezekiel knew that this area was a desert and no creatures lived in the Dead Sea. But the river turned it into an area like a garden. There were many fish and creatures and many fruit trees. The trees provided fruit for food and leaves for healing people’s bodies. They brought life and were like the tree of life. The river flowed out from Jerusalem. The water of this river brought life. It was living water.

The flowing river was like something that Isaiah described. Isaiah said that God’s message would go out from Jerusalem (Isaiah 2:3). This message was knowledge about who God is and how he wants people to live. It went out from Jerusalem as God’s people spread the message. They spread it by living as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. Isaiah’s prophecies talked about people from all nations learning this message. The river in Ezekiel’s vision was a sign of this message. It was a sign of the blessing and life that come from knowing God. The blessing and life were for all nations. Blessing and life flowed out from Jerusalem because God was present there.

The Lord is there was the name for the new city of Jerusalem in Ezekiel’s vision. Hundreds of years later John’s visions recorded in Revelation 21–22 were like Ezekiel’s vision. They showed when Ezekiel’s vision would come true. This would be when God created a new heaven and new earth in the new creation.

43:1–4

The sacred spaces mentioned earlier were useless when empty (see Ezekiel 37:7–8). The temple needed the presence of the God of Israel's glory to be meaningful. This glory had left in Ezekiel 10. Now, it would return from the east, the same direction it had left. Unlike its slow and hesitant departure, its return would be sudden, with the loud roar of rushing waters (see Ezekiel 1:24; Revelation 1:15). As usual, the prophet fell face down in awe of this glory.

43:5–7

The Spirit took Ezekiel to the inner courtyard. There, he heard the Lord say that the restored temple was his palace, with his throne and footstool. He would live there forever among the people of Israel.

Identifying the temple as God's dwelling and seat of power was not new (see, for example, 1 Samuel 4:4). The temple would now be God's throne forever. The sins of his people would never again drive him away from his sanctuary.

43:7–9

If God were to remain with his people, they needed higher standards. They also needed clear rules to prevent the sins of the past from happening again.

In earlier times, Israel and their kings dishonored God. They worshiped other gods. They also honored dead kings by placing memorial markers inside the temple area. The temple belonged to the living God, not to human rulers.

In the future, the proper order would be restored. The home of the earthly ruler would be placed farther from the spiritual center of the land (see Ezekiel 45:7). This change would show clearly that God alone was supreme.

Placing the earthly ruler in his proper position was necessary. Only then could God remain among his people forever in his rightful place.

43:10–11

At this point, God explained the purpose of the temple vision. Ezekiel was not the first person to receive a detailed plan for a sanctuary from God (see Exodus 25–40).

This vision was not meant to begin a future building project after the people returned to their land. Instead, it was a message for the people living in Ezekiel’s own time.

As they carefully studied the plan of the temple, they were meant to recognize their sin. They were to feel deep sorrow and shame for what they had done.

As they looked at the entrances and exits, the laws and commands, and the full design, they should see how far they had turned away from God. The vision was meant to lead them to repentance (turning away from sin and back to God).

43:12

Israel had to be completely holy if the holy God was to live among them forever.

43:13–16

The holiness of the temple area would be protected in two ways. First, sinners were kept out of the sacred space. Second, the sacrificial system dealt with sin and impurity.

This focus on holiness is clear from the detailed description of the altar in the inner court. The altar stood at the center of the entire temple complex. Its central place shows how important it was.

The altar shown to Ezekiel was much larger than the altar in front of the tabernacle. It was almost three times as long and wide (see Exodus 27:1–8).

43:17

Steps led up to this altar from the east side. Normally, in the ancient Near East, steps came from the west. This change might have been to avoid any suggestion of sun worship (see Ezekiel 8:16).

43:18–21

  • The new altar had to be consecrated (set apart for holy use) before it could be used.

  • On the first day, the priests were to offer a young bull as a sin offering. They were to put its blood on the horns and corners of the altar. This act made the altar ready for holy service.

    After this, they burned the body of the sin offering outside the sacred area. This was the same practice used with the tabernacle (compare Leviticus 4:11–12).

43:25

They repeated the second day's procedure for seven more days to finish the eight-day purification cycle. They used a similar method when they consecrated Solomon’s Temple (2 Chronicles 7:8–9).

43:26–27

These sin offerings made the temple ready for holy use. The priests could once again sacrifice the burnt and peace offerings of the people. These offerings were necessary if the Lord were to accept his people.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources