Study notes

Ezekiel 45

Introducing EzekielWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

40:1–48:35 Section

Ezekiel’s last vision took place after he had been in Babylon for almost 25 years. This vision included everything that Ezekiel recorded through to the end of chapter 48.

Jerusalem had already been destroyed and the temple had been burnt down. The vision was about the city and the temple being made new again. Then the world around them would be made new. In this way the vision was like the story of the dry bones in chapter 37. In that story God’s people were dead. He gave them new life by putting his Spirit in them. In this vision God gave new life to Jerusalem and the temple. Then new life spread to the world from there. New life came because God’s glory returned to the temple. This meant that God ruled from there as the only God and King. God called the temple his throne and promised to live there for ever.

Ezekiel carefully recorded how long, wide and high many parts of the temple were. He described the nation’s borders. He described how much land went to each of the 12 tribes of Israel. He carefully recorded rules for sacrifices and feasts and taking care of the temple. He described the rules for priests and princes.

These careful records didn’t describe the temple rebuilt by Joshua and Zerubbabel. They didn’t describe the temple built by Herod the Great. They didn’t describe the land and people after the exile. These careful records were signs. They were signs of what God expected from his people. God expected his people to treat his name as holy. This meant that they would worship only him and obey him completely. This would allow them to fully be his people. It would allow him to fully be their God. This is what God had always wanted and why he made covenants with them.

Ezekiel’s careful records were also signs of what God planned to do on earth. He planned to do what he had promised to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob. He would use their family line to bless all nations on earth.

In the vision, all 12 tribes of Israel received land. So did outsiders who had joined them. All together they were a sign of all people who were committed to God. In the vision a river flowed from the temple down to the Dead Sea. Ezekiel knew that this area was a desert and no creatures lived in the Dead Sea. But the river turned it into an area like a garden. There were many fish and creatures and many fruit trees. The trees provided fruit for food and leaves for healing people’s bodies. They brought life and were like the tree of life. The river flowed out from Jerusalem. The water of this river brought life. It was living water.

The flowing river was like something that Isaiah described. Isaiah said that God’s message would go out from Jerusalem (Isaiah 2:3). This message was knowledge about who God is and how he wants people to live. It went out from Jerusalem as God’s people spread the message. They spread it by living as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. Isaiah’s prophecies talked about people from all nations learning this message. The river in Ezekiel’s vision was a sign of this message. It was a sign of the blessing and life that come from knowing God. The blessing and life were for all nations. Blessing and life flowed out from Jerusalem because God was present there.

The Lord is there was the name for the new city of Jerusalem in Ezekiel’s vision. Hundreds of years later John’s visions recorded in Revelation 21–22 were like Ezekiel’s vision. They showed when Ezekiel’s vision would come true. This would be when God created a new heaven and new earth in the new creation.

45:1–8

Ezekiel 47–48 describes how the restored promised land was divided among the tribes. This section focuses on the central sacred area, which included land for the priests.

The exiles were eager to regain land, as they had none. Ezekiel's goal was not just to ensure fair land distribution. He wanted to remind them of the promised land's true purpose. It was a place where God would live among his people. Therefore, the central part of the land was assigned to the Lord as his holy portion. This created a zone of holiness and protection around the temple.

45:3–4

Within this holy portion, the temple complex would form the Most Holy Place at the center of a sacred square. Like the Most Holy Place in the temple, which was protected by an inner court for priests only, the temple complex was also surrounded by a section reserved for priests.

45:5–6

To the north of this priestly strip was an area reserved for the Levites; to the south (48:15).

Together, these areas formed a square. Each side was about 13.4 kilometers long (8.3 miles).

45:7

On both sides of the larger sacred area (Ezekiel 45:1–6), the rest of the holy portion was given to the prince. The same pattern of limited access that applied in the temple also applied to the land around it. Not everyone had the same level of access to the holy space.

The temple would be the geographic and spiritual center of the new Israel. The land would be divided into sections that ran from east to west. This layout arranged the whole nation around the temple’s east–west line.

The city and the prince would still have important roles. However, they would no longer stand at the center. The Lord himself was Israel’s true King. His dwelling place would be the center of their life as a people.

45:8–9

A clear sign of the Lord's rule was giving land to both the prince and the people. The prince received enough land to meet his needs and support the temple's ministry without oppressing or robbing the people.

45:10–12

When the prince collected the people's offerings for the temple (see Ezekiel 45:13–17), he should not alter the scales to gain from the difference between what he received and what he provided for the temple's ministry.

45:13–17

The people had to pay a tax to the prince for daily offerings at the new temple. The prince provided offerings for special occasions like religious festivals, new moon celebrations, and Sabbath days. Both daily and special offerings purified the people of Israel, making them right with the Lord.

45:21–25

Like the offerings, the annual festivals in the new temple were meant to purify the people and the land. Instead of the three main festivals of the time of Moses (the feasts of Passover, Harvest, and Tabernacles), there were now only two. These two, Passover and Tabernacles, were almost the same and took place six months apart.

The Passover festival still happened on the fourteenth day of the first month. It was similar to the earlier Passover in many ways, but it required many more sacrifices than those listed in Numbers 28. The Feast of Tabernacles is not directly named in the Hebrew text. It no longer had special customs or symbols, except that the prince offered the same sacrifices as he did for Passover. This festival still took place in the seventh month.

Throughout these descriptions, a main theme becomes clear: the land must be kept pure and free from sin.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources