Study notes

Micah 3

Introducing MicahWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

1:1–3:12 Section

The towns and cities of the northern kingdom followed the example of Samaria. The towns and cities of the southern kingdom followed the example of Jerusalem.

In the same way, the people of each kingdom followed the example of their leaders. Their leaders included rulers, kings, prophets, judges and priests.

Samaria, Jerusalem, and the leaders taught God’s people to hate what is good. They taught them to love what is evil. They taught them to worship false gods instead of worshipping only God.

They taught God’s people to rob, cheat and drink too much alcohol. They taught them to treat needy people badly. Prophets cared more about making money than about speaking messages from God. Priests cared more about making money than about teaching people the Law of Moses.

Judges didn’t make their decisions based on what was right and fair. They made decisions based on who paid them money. All of these things went against how God wanted people to live. In the Mount Sinai covenant God had taught his people his ways for living.

The leaders and people knew that God had made a covenant with them. They knew that God is patient. But they used God’s patience as an excuse to keep sinning.

Micah spoke to the people and the leaders of the northern and southern kingdoms. He told them all the wrong things that they were doing. He shared God’s messages of judgement as poems. The Spirit of the Lord made him brave enough to speak against them. This is the Holy Spirit.

Micah announced what would happen because God’s people continued to sin. God would bring judgement against them. Samaria and the northern kingdom would be destroyed by Assyria. Jerusalem and the southern kingdom would be destroyed by Babylon.

3:1–4

Micah strongly criticized the leaders of Israel because they were responsible for the people's well-being. The horrors described here show the fears of people under attack (compare Deuteronomy 28:53; 2 Kings 6:29).

3:1–5:15

This message accuses the evil leaders who harmed God's people. It contrasts them with a vision of God's kingdom and a righteous king's rule. After facing judgment and exile, a purified Israel would return and receive God's blessings.

3:2–3

The leaders acted like wild animals. They harmed their own people and treated them without mercy.

3:4

Then: Even after oppressing the Lord's people, the leaders selfishly asked the Lord for help.

3:5

The false prophets were part of Israel’s spiritual leadership, so Micah included them in his accusations. Prophets were meant to guide Israel in the right way, not to lead the people away from God (see Deuteronomy 13, 18). Instead, these prophets used their gifts for their own benefit.

3:6–7

Micah announced God's judgment on the false prophets. Without God's special messages, these seers and fortune-tellers were like the pagan court prophets of nations like Babylon, Mari, and especially Assyria. Those prophets were expected to say what the rulers wanted to hear, but they did not receive true messages from the Lord 1 Samuel 28:6; Amos 8:11–12).

3:8

There was a big difference between the true prophet and the false prophets (Micah 3:5–7). Truth, justice, and power come from God’s Spirit. This Spirit gave Micah the moral and ethical strength to speak his true message about the sin and rebellion of his people.

3:9–12

The leaders of Israel built Jerusalem on murder and corruption. Because of this, the city would become a wilderness and ruins (Micah 3:12).

3:12

  • Mount Zion, where the Lord once lived, would become a dense forest and an uninhabitable wilderness. Complete destruction awaited the fallen Jerusalem. Jeremiah later quoted this passage (Jeremiah 26:18)

  • Just as a field needs clearing for cultivation, Jerusalem had to be reduced to ruins as a form of judgment.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources