Study notes

Proverbs 14

Introducing ProverbsWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

10:1–30:33 Section

Many poems, sayings and proverbs are collected in this section of the book of Proverbs. Some were written or collected by people who are named. This includes Solomon, Hezekiah and Agur. Others were written or collected by people who aren’t named. This includes the sayings of a group called the wise people (Proverbs 22:17 – 24:34).

People can become wise when God gives them wisdom. This was true in Solomon’s case. The story about this is recorded in 1 Kings 3:1–15. People can also become wise by studying the world around them. This includes studying plants, animals, weather, other people and everything God made. As people study, they gain knowledge. They come to understand many things about how life works. These are lessons or patterns that they have noticed. When knowledge and understanding are combined with respect for God, they become godly wisdom.

For hundreds of years in Israel, wise people shared with others these lessons and patterns. They shared them through poems, sayings and proverbs. The poems, sayings and proverbs in this section give instruction about many different matters. These matters include anger, jealousy, arguing, food, honour, being humble and pride. They include relationships in family groups, between husbands and wives and between parents and children. They include relationships in communities, between men and women and between friends and neighbours. They include money and relationships between rich people and poor people. They include matters of work, being lazy, farming, business and trade. They include justice and matters of courts and of government. They also include the mind, heart, mouth and ears of each person. All the instructions teach about doing what is right and fair.

14:1

Building or tearing down a home is a metaphor for making a family stronger or weaker.

14:3

People can use a foolish person's words against them.

14:4

It is easy to keep a stable clean if it is empty, but a farmer without an ox cannot harvest crops.

14:5

Honest speech and lies both come from a person's character. Compare Proverbs 12:17.

14:9

Wise people admit their mistakes and sins, which leads to change and making peace. Fools try to defend themselves by mocking guilt.

14:10

No one can completely understand another person's emotions (compare Psalm 103:14; Isaiah 63:9; Nahum 1:7; Romans 8:27). Bitterness and joy are opposites in emotions. This poetic device, called merism, refers to these extremes to cover all emotions in between.

14:11

A house is usually more stable than a tent, but wickedness destroys and tears down, while godliness builds up (Proverbs 14:1).

14:13

A person's appearance might not show their true feelings.

14:14

Backsliders act foolishly against what they know is good, right, and wise.

14:17

Short-tempered people do not think about the consequences before getting angry. Planners think ahead, but people dislike them for their harmful actions.

14:18

inherit folly: A person's true nature and attitude will eventually show in their behavior.

14:20

This proverb might advise moderation, suggesting having neither too little nor too much (Proverbs 30:7–9).

14:28

A king's success is shown by the well-being and growth of the people, not by wealth or military victory.

14:29

Wise people manage their emotions and express them in the right way.

14:30

A peaceful heart has settled its inner conflicts. Being free from jealousy is good for physical health.

14:32

Proverbs rarely mentions life after death. Some scholars believe this verse means God gives courage to face death with dignity and calmness.

14:34

A great nation is not defined by wealth, power, or military victories (Proverbs 14:28) but by its moral values.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources