Study notes

Proverbs 20

Introducing ProverbsWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

10:1–30:33 Section

Many poems, sayings and proverbs are collected in this section of the book of Proverbs. Some were written or collected by people who are named. This includes Solomon, Hezekiah and Agur. Others were written or collected by people who aren’t named. This includes the sayings of a group called the wise people (Proverbs 22:17 – 24:34).

People can become wise when God gives them wisdom. This was true in Solomon’s case. The story about this is recorded in 1 Kings 3:1–15. People can also become wise by studying the world around them. This includes studying plants, animals, weather, other people and everything God made. As people study, they gain knowledge. They come to understand many things about how life works. These are lessons or patterns that they have noticed. When knowledge and understanding are combined with respect for God, they become godly wisdom.

For hundreds of years in Israel, wise people shared with others these lessons and patterns. They shared them through poems, sayings and proverbs. The poems, sayings and proverbs in this section give instruction about many different matters. These matters include anger, jealousy, arguing, food, honour, being humble and pride. They include relationships in family groups, between husbands and wives and between parents and children. They include relationships in communities, between men and women and between friends and neighbours. They include money and relationships between rich people and poor people. They include matters of work, being lazy, farming, business and trade. They include justice and matters of courts and of government. They also include the mind, heart, mouth and ears of each person. All the instructions teach about doing what is right and fair.

20:2

Queen Esther was willing to risk her life and make the king angry (Esther 7).

20:6

True friends support you, even during tough times.

20:8

The king should embody wisdom and fairness.

20:10

Differing weights and unequal measures: Merchants should not cheat customers by using incorrect weights to measure grain (compare Proverbs 11:1; 16:11; 20:23).

20:12

The ability to watch and learn from experience is a special gift.

20:14

Sellers need to look beyond what buyers say to avoid being tricked.

20:16

  • A wise lender asks for security or a deposit on a loan. A stranger was an Israelite unknown to the lender, who then required security. Proverbs advises the wise to avoid borrowing entirely (see Proverbs 6:1–2).

  • This proverb's message is also found in Proverbs 6:1–5; 11:15; 17:18; 22:26.

20:21

If you receive an inheritance early in life, you might spend it all before you die, leaving nothing for later.

20:24

God clearly guides our steps (see Proverbs 16:1, 9, 33). We do not need to understand why things happen. We should not lose hope because God is in control.

20:26

A king represents God on earth, so he should help good people and punish wrongdoers.

20:27

The Lord's light reaches the human spirit, and God sees deep into people's hearts (see Proverbs 16:2).

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources