Study notes

Proverbs 21

Introducing ProverbsWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

10:1–30:33 Section

Many poems, sayings and proverbs are collected in this section of the book of Proverbs. Some were written or collected by people who are named. This includes Solomon, Hezekiah and Agur. Others were written or collected by people who aren’t named. This includes the sayings of a group called the wise people (Proverbs 22:17 – 24:34).

People can become wise when God gives them wisdom. This was true in Solomon’s case. The story about this is recorded in 1 Kings 3:1–15. People can also become wise by studying the world around them. This includes studying plants, animals, weather, other people and everything God made. As people study, they gain knowledge. They come to understand many things about how life works. These are lessons or patterns that they have noticed. When knowledge and understanding are combined with respect for God, they become godly wisdom.

For hundreds of years in Israel, wise people shared with others these lessons and patterns. They shared them through poems, sayings and proverbs. The poems, sayings and proverbs in this section give instruction about many different matters. These matters include anger, jealousy, arguing, food, honour, being humble and pride. They include relationships in family groups, between husbands and wives and between parents and children. They include relationships in communities, between men and women and between friends and neighbours. They include money and relationships between rich people and poor people. They include matters of work, being lazy, farming, business and trade. They include justice and matters of courts and of government. They also include the mind, heart, mouth and ears of each person. All the instructions teach about doing what is right and fair.

21:1

A king was the most powerful person in an ancient nation, and it seemed he could do anything he wanted. However, God guides the king's heart.

21:8

The path of foolishness leads to death, while the road of wisdom leads to life.

21:10

Evil people do not just do bad things; they are bad. No argument will change their behavior.

21:11

The simple-minded learn when they see a mocker punished (see Proverbs 1:22; 19:25). The wise do not need punishment threats because they already seek wisdom.

21:12

The Righteous One: God observes the wicked actions done in private and will punish them for their sins. Alternatively, the Righteous One could mean the wisdom of any righteous person.

21:15

God is fair, so he rewards good people and punishes bad ones. This is why good people love justice, and bad people fear it.

21:16

People with common sense can avoid life's dangers.

21:17

Spending on wine and luxury stops people from saving money. They choose to spend instead of save.

21:22

A smart military planner can find ways to beat stronger armies. This shows that wisdom is better than just strength (compare Ecclesiastes 7:12; 9:13–18).

21:26

Generosity is a trait of the godly, while stinginess is a trait of fools (Proverbs 29:7, 14). Interestingly, the more you give, the more you receive (Proverbs 11:24).

21:30–31

Human wisdom is powerless against the Lord (see Proverbs 16:1, 3, 9, 33). Similarly, military power, symbolized by the horse, is powerless without the Lord's blessing.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources