Study notes

Proverbs 22

Introducing ProverbsWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

10:1–30:33 Section

Many poems, sayings and proverbs are collected in this section of the book of Proverbs. Some were written or collected by people who are named. This includes Solomon, Hezekiah and Agur. Others were written or collected by people who aren’t named. This includes the sayings of a group called the wise people (Proverbs 22:17 – 24:34).

People can become wise when God gives them wisdom. This was true in Solomon’s case. The story about this is recorded in 1 Kings 3:1–15. People can also become wise by studying the world around them. This includes studying plants, animals, weather, other people and everything God made. As people study, they gain knowledge. They come to understand many things about how life works. These are lessons or patterns that they have noticed. When knowledge and understanding are combined with respect for God, they become godly wisdom.

For hundreds of years in Israel, wise people shared with others these lessons and patterns. They shared them through poems, sayings and proverbs. The poems, sayings and proverbs in this section give instruction about many different matters. These matters include anger, jealousy, arguing, food, honour, being humble and pride. They include relationships in family groups, between husbands and wives and between parents and children. They include relationships in communities, between men and women and between friends and neighbours. They include money and relationships between rich people and poor people. They include matters of work, being lazy, farming, business and trade. They include justice and matters of courts and of government. They also include the mind, heart, mouth and ears of each person. All the instructions teach about doing what is right and fair.

22:1

A wise person will not risk their reputation for money.

22:2

Remembering that the Lord created both rich and poor helps stop the exploitation of the poor.

22:5

Living by deceit is risky. Corrupt people never know when others will discover their treachery or when it will backfire.

22:11

Even a bad ruler wants advisers with a pure heart, meaning they are completely loyal and speak kindly.

22:12

This proverb reminds wise people (those with knowledge) that the Lord controls everything.

22:14

An immoral woman uses flattery and seduction to lure a young man into committing a sin.

22:15

We learn wisdom; it is not inherited or natural. Discipline is needed to turn foolishness into wisdom.

22:16

A person advances through hard work, not by taking advantage of the poor or bribing the wealthy (compare Proverbs 22:29).

22:17–21

Like the prologue in the book of Proverbs (Proverbs 1:2–7) and the introductions to the individual discourses (see Proverbs 1:8–9; 2:1–11), this section starts by encouraging listening. This wisdom goes beyond practical advice; it aims to inspire trust in the Lord.

22:17–24:22

This section is attributed to a group known as the wise, but their identity is unknown. There is a mention of thirty sayings (Proverbs 22:20). The wisdom sayings that follow can be divided into thirty sections. These sections are similar to an Egyptian work called the Instruction of Amenemope, which is also divided into thirty chapters.

22:20

thirty sayings: Early scribes observed that the Hebrew word for thirty was written in an unusual form (shlshwm) instead of the usual form (shlyshym). All early translations of the Old Testament, such as the Greek Septuagint, Latin Vulgate, and Syriac Peshitta, interpret it as thirty. However, some choose to translate the word as excellent sayings.

22:24–25

Saying 2: An angry or hot-tempered person cannot control their emotions and shows anger at the wrong times.

22:29

Saying 5: People who improve their skills and work hard will get the best jobs and work for the best employers.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources