Study notes

1 Chronicles 7

Introducing 1 ChroniclesWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

1:1–9:34 Section

The family lines recorded in 1 Chronicles start with Adam. They stop around the year 538 BC. That is when Cyrus allowed Jews living in Babylon to return to Judah.

These family lines were a short way to describe the entire history of God’s people. That history was told in the books of the Bible from Genesis to 2 Kings. After Adam, the family lines follow many people that God chose to make a covenant with. This includes Noah, Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and David.

The family lines also follow people groups that God didn’t make a covenant with. This includes the families of Ishmael and Esau. These families were important in the history of the 12 tribes of Israel. The family lines follow Jacob’s sons except for Dan and Zebulun. They were part of the northern kingdom.

1 Chronicles made something clear about the tribes of the northern kingdom. They never returned from Assyria. That is where they had been forced to live in exile. 1 Chronicles also made something clear about God. God answered people who cried out to him and trusted him for help. This was true when Jabesh prayed (prayer). It was true when the tribes east of the River Jordan prayed during a battle.

The family lines focus on the tribes of Judah and of Levi and on King David. 1 Chronicles follows these family lines until the end of the exile of the southern kingdom. This helped Jews to understand something important. They had faced the covenant curses. They had been forced to leave the land God had given them. But God was still faithful to them. Those who had returned to Judah should remember David’s example. They should remember the example of the Levites David appointed. They should obey the Mount Sinai covenant and worship God faithfully.

7:1–40

  • This chapter provides the genealogies of the remaining tribes of Israel.

  • The sections on the tribes of Issachar, Benjamin, and Asher may come from a military census. These lists are almost the same length, use military terms, record the father's houses, and do not mention settlements.

  • The tribes of Zebulun and Dan are completely omitted, and Naphtali has only a short record.

7:12

The Hebrew text of this verse seems disrupted, likely due to a loss during scribal copying, as there is no introduction for Ir or Hushim. The names Shuppim and Huppim appear in the tribe of Benjamin (1 Chronicles 8:8, 11; Genesis 46:21; Numbers 26:39). If the Hebrew text is indeed damaged, Hushim might be a descendant of Dan (compare Genesis 46:23; Numbers 26:42).

7:13

Unlike other genealogies, this list of Naphtali's sons shows only the first generation (see Genesis 46:24; Numbers 26:48–50). The Chronicles manuscript might have been damaged early in its copying, which could explain why Dan and Zebulun are missing. It is also possible that records for Zebulun, Dan, and Naphtali were lost when Tiglath-pileser attacked and exiled these tribes during Pekah’s reign (2 Kings 15:29). In that case, the Chronicler had no records to include.

7:14–19

These verses have several issues that suggest the Hebrew text might be damaged:

  1. Maacah is listed as both the sister and wife of Makir (1 Chronicles 7:15–16).

  2. Huppim and Shuppim were earlier listed with Benjamin (1 Chronicles 7:12), not Manasseh.

  3. Those considered Gileadites (1 Chronicles 7:16–17) are vaguely linked to Gilead, whose direct descendants are not listed (compare Numbers 26:30–33).

  4. The sons of Shemida are not connected to the genealogy (1 Chronicles 7:19) Shemida was one of Gilead’s descendants (Numbers 26:32).

7:20–27

The genealogy of Ephraim's descendants includes a story about how the tribe settled in Canaan (1 Chronicles 7:21–24). The genealogy concludes with Joshua, son of Nun, who led Israel into the promised land.

7:22

Ephraim is recorded as the father of Ezer and Elead. However, Ephraim, the son of Joseph, could not have settled in Canaan after the Exodus. Traditionally, people imagined an early exodus for Ephraim's family. Other possibilities include that the name Ephraim is a scribal error or that Ephraim referred to the tribe, not Joseph's son.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources