Study notes

Psalms 106

Introducing PsalmsWho wrote it, when, why, and what to look for as you read

105:1–106:48 Section

Psalms 105 and 106 praise God for his faithful love. Psalm 105 does this by reminding the Israelites of the wonderful things God has done. Psalm 106 does this in a different way. It reminds the Jews how God was faithful even when they forgot about him.

The events mentioned in these psalms are recorded in other books of the Bible. Those in Psalm 105 are recorded in the books from Genesis through to Joshua. Those in Psalm 106 are recorded in the books from Exodus through to 2 Chronicles.

In Psalm 105, remembering God’s covenants, miracles and laws led the Israelites to praise him. Talking about what God had done was one way to teach their children about God.

Psalm 105 ends by reminding God’s people why God allowed them to live in Canaan. They were to obey him and live as a kingdom of priests and a holy nation. But they didn’t do that. They disobeyed God over and over again. They followed the practices of the nations around them instead of following the Mount Sinai covenant.

Psalm 106 tells this history. Verse 47 shows that the speakers of this psalm were living in exile. They had been forced to live far away from their land. This was God’s judgement against them for their sins and the sins of their people.

They talked about the evil things they had done for a reason. It helped them understand why God had brought judgement against them. It also helped them understand something about God. God had always remained faithful to his people. Time after time God’s people had forgotten about him. But God always remembered his covenant. He forgave his people and saved them when they cried out to him. This helped the speakers be bold enough to ask God to save them again. The speaker at the beginning of Psalm 106 was sure that God would save them. God’s people would celebrate, give thanks and praise him when he rescued them.

106:1–48

  • The Israelite community in exile confessed the Lord’s goodness and justice and their own past sins. From their humble state in exile, they asked for redemption and restoration. They hoped to be gathered back from all the places the Lord had scattered them in his anger.

    The psalm ends with a memory of the Lord’s past mercy and hope for renewed mercy (Psalm 106:44–48). Israel failed, but the Lord remains constant.

  • Verses 1, 47–48 (along with Psalms 96; 105:1–15) are included in David’s song of praise recorded in 1 Chronicles 16:1–43.

106:2–3

Wise people who practice justice and righteousness receive encouragement to proclaim the Lord’s great acts.

106:4–5

The poet prays individually for the Lord’s favor before leading the community confession that follows.

106:6

The story of Israel's redemption includes their sinful actions from the time of their ancestors to now (Psalm 106:43). The themes of sin and God's anger towards sin start and end Book Four (Psalms 90:1–9; 106:6, 23, 43).

106:6–13

The community joins together to confess their sins and their ancestors’ many acts of unbelief.

106:28–39

When the Israelites entered the land, they brought their idol worship with them. Their behavior stayed the same, and they angered the Lord with their actions.

106:30–33

Phinehas killed an Israelite man who openly turned away from the Lord (Numbers 25:3–8). Because his action stopped the plague, the psalm credits him with righteousness. In this psalm he is presented as a stronger example of zeal for the Lord than Moses, who failed at Meribah (Numbers 20:11–13).

106:34

Israel continued to disobey the word of the Lord while living in the promised land. Instead of destroying the nations, Israel accepted them and their customs (see Judges 2:1–3, 11–15; 3:5–6).

106:40

God hated Israel's sin, just as he hates all sin.

106:40–46

The psalmist again talks about the Babylonian exile (Psalm 106:26–27). The Lord judged Israel harshly, but he also restrained his anger, remembering the covenant he had made with Abraham.

106:43–44

When Israel fell, the destruction was not complete. The Lord had compassion on his people and left a remnant (a small group of people who remained).

106:45

He remembered … and relented: Unlike Israel, the Lord is faithful to his covenant (Psalm 105:8).

106:48

  • This doxology (a short song of praise) ends Book Four (compare Psalms 41:13; 89:52).

  • from everlasting to everlasting: The reference to God’s eternal nature links to the opening of Book Four (Psalm 90:1–2).

  • Let all the people say, “Amen!”: The Hebrew word ’amen means “It is true.” The faithful accept the Lord’s will during exile and his promise to be their God.

Verse notes: Adapted by Mission Mutual (Aquifer Open Study Notes) from Tyndale Open Study Notes © 2023 Tyndale House Publishers. CC BY-SA 4.0. Section notes: Biblica Study Notes © 2023 Biblica, Inc. CC BY-SA 4.0, via BibleAquifer. About the sources