Psalms 23

This series of psalms shows a journey from confidence and commitment (Psalms 20–21), through anguish and abandonment (Psalm 22), and finally to comfort, insight, and hope (Psalms 23–24).

The Lord promises to care for his children (Psalm 34:9–10; Isaiah 51:14). He showed this ability to Israel in the wilderness (Deuteronomy 2:7) and in the promised land (Deuteronomy 8:9).

People in the ancient Near East commonly viewed their rulers as shepherds.

This psalm, which expresses trust and confidence in the Lord, has been a favorite of God's people for generations. It assures us of God's presence during difficult times. It brings to mind images of the Good Shepherd (Psalm 23:1–3; see Ezekiel 34:12; John 10:11) and the messianic banquet (Psalm 23:5–6; see Isaiah 25:6; Revelation 19:9).

These psalms develop the importance of:

• integrity (Psalms 25:4–7, 12–14, 21; 26:6, 11; 27:7–12),

• God's care as a shepherd (Psalms 23:1; 28:9),

• God's guidance (Psalms 23:2–3; 25:5; 27:11),

• God's goodness (Psalms 23:6; 25:7–8; 27:13), and

• living in his house (Psalms 23:6; 26:8; 27:4, 8).

• Sheep rest after they have eaten enough (Zephaniah 3:13; see Isaiah 11:7; compare Isaiah 13:20; 27:10).

• The Lord guides the sheep for their benefit (see Psalm 5:8).

• Sheep drink only from still water, so the shepherd finds peaceful streams for them.

• Compare Psalm 19:7; The Law of the LORD is perfect, reviving the soul.

• The Lord guides by:

  • rescuing his people from evil (Psalm 23:4–5; see 31:3),

  • bringing them back to himself (Psalms 5:8; 61:2),

  • caring for his people (Psalms 48:14; 139:10),

  • ruling his people (Psalm 67:4),

  • counseling his people (Psalm 73:24),

  • protecting his people (Psalms 78:53; 107:30; 143:11), and

  • instructing them in wisdom (Psalm 27:11; see Proverbs 4:11).

• The Lord’s name guarantees the relationship. He protects his reputation against any claims of abandoning his people or allowing them to sin (see Psalms 25:11; 31:3; 106:8; 143:11).

The shepherd used his rod and staff to protect against danger.

• A feast shows the Lord’s care and mercy for his people (see Psalm 22:26, 29). Enemies may watch, but they cannot disturb the guests.

• The ritual of anointing the head with oil honored guests (Psalm 92:9–11), and provided hospitality and refreshment (104:15; 133:2).

The Lord shows his unfailing love through his presence and the unique benefits he provides (Psalms 69:16; 86:17; 109:21; see 18:6; 61:4). He gives care that surpasses the temporary challenges from enemies (Psalm 7:1).