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מַשָּׂא
ma·sa'
[the] oracle of
noun · construct
מִדְבַּר־
mid·bar-
[the] wilderness of
noun · construct
יָם
yam
[the] sea
noun · absolute
כְּסוּפוֹת
ke·su·fot
like storm-winds
noun · absolute
בַּנֶּגֶב
ba·ne·gev
in the south
noun
לַחֲלֹף
la·cha·lof
to sweep on
verb · qal · infinitive
מִמִּדְבָּר
mi·mid·bar
from [the] wilderness
noun · absolute
בָּא
ba'
[someone is] coming
verb · qal · perfect
מֵאֶרֶץ
me·'e·retz
from a land
noun · absolute
נוֹרָאָה
no·ra·'ah
to be feared
verb · niphal · participle
This is the burden against the Desert by the Sea: Like whirlwinds sweeping through the Negev, an invader comes from the desert, from a land of terror.
חָזוּת
cha·zut
a vision
noun · absolute
קָשָׁה
ka·shah
severe
adjective · absolute
הֻגַּד־
hu·gad-
it has been told
verb · hophal · perfect
לִי
li
to me
suffix
הַבּוֹגֵד
ha·bo·ged
the traitor
verb · qal · participle
בּוֹגֵד
bo·ged
[is] acting treacherously
verb · qal · participle
וְהַשּׁוֹדֵד
ve·ha·sho·ded
and the destroyer
verb · qal · participle
שׁוֹדֵד
sho·ded
[is] destroying
verb · qal · participle
עֲלִי
'a·li
go up
verb · qal · imperative
עֵילָם
'ei·lam
O Elam
noun
צוּרִי
tzu·ri
lay siege
verb · qal · imperative
מָדַי
ma·dai
O Media
noun
כָּל־
kol-
all
noun · construct
אַנְחָתָה
'an·cha·tah
groaning its
noun · construct
הִשְׁבַּתִּי
hish·ba·ti
I will cause to cease
verb · hiphil · perfect
A dire vision is declared to me: “The traitor still betrays, and the destroyer still destroys. Go up, O Elam! Lay siege, O Media! I will put an end to all her groaning.”
עַל־
'al-
there-
preposition
כֵּן
ken
-fore
adverb
מָלְאוּ
mal·'u
they are full
verb · qal · perfect
מָתְנַי
ma·te·nai
loins my
noun · construct
חַלְחָלָה
chal·cha·lah
anguish
noun · absolute
צִירִים
tzi·rim
pangs
noun · absolute
אֲחָזוּנִי
'a·cha·zu·ni
they have seized me
verb · qal · perfect
כְּצִירֵי
ke·tzi·rei
like [the] pangs of
noun · construct
יוֹלֵדָה
yo·le·dah
[a woman who] gives birth
verb · qal · participle
נַעֲוֵיתִי
na·'a·vei·ti
I am bent over
verb · niphal · perfect
מִשְּׁמֹעַ
mi·she·mo·a'
from hearing
verb · qal · infinitive
נִבְהַלְתִּי
niv·hal·ti
I am terrified
verb · niphal · perfect
מֵרְאוֹת
me·re·'ot
from seeing
verb · qal · infinitive
Therefore my body is filled with anguish. Pain grips me, like the pains of a woman in labor. I am bewildered to hear, I am dismayed to see.
תָּעָה
ta·'ah
it has wandered
verb · qal · perfect
לְבָבִי
le·va·vi
heart my
noun · construct
פַּלָּצוּת
pa·la·tzut
shuddering
noun · absolute
בִּעֲתָתְנִי
bi·'a·ta·te·ni
it has overwhelmed me
verb · piel · perfect
אֵת
'et
(marks the object)
object indicator
נֶשֶׁף
ne·shef
[the] twilight of
noun · construct
חִשְׁקִי
chish·ki
desire my
noun · construct
שָׂם
sam
it has made
verb · qal · perfect
לִי
li
for me
suffix
לַחֲרָדָה
la·cha·ra·dah
(into) trembling
noun · absolute
My heart falters; fear makes me tremble. The twilight I desired has turned to horror.
עָרֹךְ
'a·rokh
they are arranging
verb · qal · infinitive
הַשֻּׁלְחָן
ha·shul·chan
the table
noun · absolute
צָפֹה
tza·foh
they are spreading out
verb · qal · infinitive
הַצָּפִית
ha·tza·fit
the rug
noun · absolute
אָכוֹל
'a·khol
eating
verb · qal · infinitive
שָׁתֹה
sha·toh
drinking
verb · qal · infinitive
קוּמוּ
ku·mu
(you) arise
verb · qal · imperative
הַשָּׂרִים
ha·sa·rim
O officials
noun · absolute
מִשְׁחוּ
mish·chu
smear
verb · qal · imperative
מָגֵן פ
ma·gen
a shield
noun · absolute
They prepare a table, they lay out a carpet, they eat, they drink! Rise up, O princes, oil the shields!
כִּי
ki
for
particle
כֹה
khoh
thus
adverb
אָמַר
'a·mar
he has said
verb · qal · perfect
אֵלַי
'e·lai
to me
preposition
אֲדֹנָי
'a·do·nai
[the] Lord
noun
לֵךְ
lekh
go
verb · qal · imperative
הַעֲמֵד
ha·'a·med
station
verb · hiphil · imperative
הַמְצַפֶּה
ham·tza·peh
the watchman
verb · piel · participle
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
[that] which
particle
יִרְאֶה
yir·'eh
he will see
verb · qal · imperfect
יַגִּיד
ya·gid
let him tell
verb · hiphil · imperfect
For this is what the Lord says to me: “Go, post a lookout and have him report what he sees.
וְרָאָה
ve·ra·'ah
and he will see
verb · qal · weqatal
רֶכֶב
re·khev
a rider
noun · absolute
צֶמֶד
tze·med
a pair of
noun · construct
פָּרָשִׁים
pa·ra·shim
horses
noun · absolute
רֶכֶב
re·khev
a rider of
noun · construct
חֲמוֹר
cha·mor
a donkey
noun · absolute
רֶכֶב
re·khev
a rider of
noun · construct
גָּמָל
ga·mal
a camel
noun · absolute
וְהִקְשִׁיב
ve·hik·shiv
and he will pay attention
verb · hiphil · weqatal
קֶשֶׁב
ke·shev
attentiveness
noun · absolute
רַב־
rav-
greatness of
adjective · construct
קָשֶׁב
ka·shev
attentiveness
noun · absolute
When he sees chariots with teams of horsemen, riders on donkeys, riders on camels, he must be alert, fully alert.”
וַיִּקְרָא
vai·yik·ra'
and he called out
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
אַרְיֵה
'ar·yeh
a lion
noun · absolute
עַל־
'al-
on
preposition
מִצְפֶּה
mitz·peh
a watchtower
noun · absolute
אֲדֹנָי
'a·do·nai
O Lord
noun
אָנֹכִי
'a·no·khi
I
pronoun
עֹמֵד
'o·med
[am] standing
verb · qal · participle
תָּמִיד
ta·mid
continually
noun · absolute
יוֹמָם
yo·mam
by day
adverb
וְעַל־
ve·'al-
and at
preposition
מִשְׁמַרְתִּי
mish·mar·ti
post my
noun · construct
אָנֹכִי
'a·no·khi
I
pronoun
נִצָּב
ni·tzav
[am] stationed
verb · niphal · participle
כָּל־
kol-
all
noun · construct
הַלֵּילוֹת
ha·lei·lot
the nights
noun · absolute
Then the lookout shouted: “Day after day, my lord, I stand on the watchtower; night after night I stay at my post.
וְהִנֵּה־
ve·hi·neh-
and there
particle
זֶה
zeh
this
particle
בָא
va'
[is] coming
verb · qal · perfect
רֶכֶב
re·khev
a rider
noun · construct
אִישׁ
'ish
a man
noun · absolute
צֶמֶד
tze·med
a pair of
noun · construct
פָּרָשִׁים
pa·ra·shim
horses
noun · absolute
וַיַּעַן
vai·ya·'an
and he answered
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
וַיֹּאמֶר
vai·yo·mer
and he said
verb · qal · wayyiqtol
נָפְלָה
na·fe·lah
it has fallen
verb · qal · perfect
נָפְלָה
na·fe·lah
it has fallen
verb · qal · perfect
בָּבֶל
ba·vel
Babylon
noun
וְכָל־
ve·khol
and all
noun · construct
פְּסִילֵי
pe·si·lei
[the] images of
noun · construct
אֱלֹהֶיהָ
'e·lo·hei·ha
gods its
noun · construct
שִׁבַּר
shi·bar
someone has broken
verb · piel · perfect
לָאָרֶץ
la·'a·retz
to the ground
noun · absolute
Look, here come the riders, horsemen in pairs.” And one answered, saying: “Fallen, fallen is Babylon! All the images of her gods lie shattered on the ground!”
מְדֻשָׁתִי
me·du·sha·ti
O threshed one my
noun · construct
וּבֶן־
u·ven-
and [the] son of
noun · construct
גָּרְנִי
ga·re·ni
threshing floor my
noun · construct
אֲשֶׁר
'a·sher
[that] which
particle
שָׁמַעְתִּי
sha·ma'·ti
I have heard
verb · qal · perfect
מֵאֵת
me·'et
from with
preposition
יְהוָה
yah·weh
Yahweh
noun
צְבָאוֹת
tze·va·'ot
of hosts
noun · absolute
אֱלֹהֵי
'e·lo·hei
[the] God of
noun · construct
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
הִגַּדְתִּי
hi·gad·ti
I have told
verb · hiphil · perfect
לָכֶם ס
la·khem
to (the) you
suffix
O my people, crushed on the threshing floor, I tell you what I have heard from the LORD of Hosts, the God of Israel.
מַשָּׂא
ma·sa'
[the] oracle of
noun · construct
דּוּמָה
du·mah
Dumah
noun
אֵלַי
'e·lai
to me
preposition
קֹרֵא
ko·re'
[someone is] calling
verb · qal · participle
מִשֵּׂעִיר
mi·se·'ir
from Seir
noun
שֹׁמֵר
sho·mer
O watchman
verb · qal · participle
מַה־
mah-
what
pronoun
מִלַּיְלָה
mi·lay·lah
[is] from [the] night
noun · absolute
שֹׁמֵר
sho·mer
O watchman
verb · qal · participle
מַה־
mah-
what
pronoun
מִלֵּיל
mi·leil
[is] from [the] night
noun · construct
This is the burden against Dumah: One calls to me from Seir, “Watchman, what is left of the night? Watchman, what is left of the night?”
אָמַר
'a·mar
he says
verb · qal · perfect
שֹׁמֵר
sho·mer
[the] watchman
verb · qal · participle
אָתָה
'a·tah
it will come
verb · qal · perfect
בֹקֶר
vo·ker
morning
noun · absolute
וְגַם־
ve·gam-
and also
adverb
לָיְלָה
la·ye·lah
night
noun · absolute
אִם־
'im-
if
particle
תִּבְעָיוּן
tiv·'a·yun
you will enquire
verb · qal · imperfect
בְּעָיוּ
be·'a·yu
enquire
verb · qal · imperative
שֻׁבוּ
shu·vu
return
verb · qal · imperative
אֵתָיוּ ס
'e·ta·yu
come
verb · qal · imperative
The watchman replies, “Morning has come, but also the night. If you would inquire, then inquire. Come back yet again.”
מַשָּׂא
ma·sa'
[the] oracle
noun · absolute
בַּעְרָב
ba'·rav
on Arabia
noun
בַּיַּעַר
bai·ya·'ar
in the thicket[s]
noun · absolute
בַּעְרַב
ba'·rav
in Arabia
noun
תָּלִינוּ
ta·li·nu
you will lodge
verb · qal · imperfect
אֹרְחוֹת
'o·re·chot
O caravans of
noun · construct
דְּדָנִים
de·da·nim
Dedanites
noun · absolute
This is the burden against Arabia: In the thickets of Arabia you must lodge, O caravans of Dedanites.
לִקְרַאת
lik·rat
to meet
verb · qal · infinitive
צָמֵא
tza·me'
[the] thirsty
adjective · absolute
הֵתָיוּ
he·ta·yu
bring
verb · hiphil · imperative
מָיִם
ma·yim
water
noun · absolute
יֹשְׁבֵי
yo·she·vei
O inhabitants of
verb · qal · participle
אֶרֶץ
'e·retz
[the] land of
noun · construct
תֵּימָא
tei·ma'
Tema
noun
בְּלַחְמוֹ
be·lach·mo
with bread his
noun · construct
קִדְּמוּ
ki·de·mu
they met
verb · piel · perfect
נֹדֵד
no·ded
fugitive[s]
verb · qal · participle
Bring water for the thirsty, O dwellers of Tema; meet the refugees with food.
כִּי־
ki-
for
particle
מִפְּנֵי
mi·pe·nei
from before
noun · construct
חֲרָבוֹת
cha·ra·vot
swords
noun · absolute
נָדָדוּ
na·da·du
they have fled
verb · qal · perfect
מִפְּנֵי
mi·pe·nei
from before
noun · construct
חֶרֶב
che·rev
a sword
noun · absolute
נְטוּשָׁה
ne·tu·shah
drawn
verb · qal · participle
וּמִפְּנֵי
u·mi·pe·nei
and from before
noun · construct
קֶשֶׁת
ke·shet
a bow
noun · absolute
דְּרוּכָה
de·ru·khah
bent
verb · qal · participle
וּמִפְּנֵי
u·mi·pe·nei
and from before
noun · construct
כֹּבֶד
koed
[the] weight of
noun · construct
מִלְחָמָה ס
mil·cha·mah
battle
noun · absolute
For they flee from the sword— the sword that is drawn— from the bow that is bent, and from the stress of battle.
כִּי־
ki-
for
particle
כֹה
khoh
thus
adverb
אָמַר
'a·mar
he has said
verb · qal · perfect
אֲדֹנָי
'a·do·nai
[the] Lord
noun
אֵלָי
'e·lai
to me
preposition
בְּעוֹד
be·'od
in yet
adjective · absolute
שָׁנָה
sha·nah
a year
noun · absolute
כִּשְׁנֵי
kish·nei
like [the] years of
noun · construct
שָׂכִיר
sa·khir
a hired laborer
adjective · absolute
וְכָלָה
ve·kha·lah
and it will be finished
verb · qal · weqatal
כָּל־
kol-
all
noun · construct
כְּבוֹד
ke·vod
[the] splendor of
noun · construct
קֵדָר
ke·dar
Kedar
noun
For this is what the Lord says to me: “Within one year, as a hired worker would count it, all the glory of Kedar will be gone.
וּשְׁאָר
u·she·'ar
and [the] remnant of
noun · construct
מִסְפַּר־
mis·par-
a number of
noun · construct
קֶשֶׁת
ke·shet
bowmen
noun · construct
גִּבּוֹרֵי
gi·bo·rei
[the] warriors of
noun · construct
בְנֵי־
ve·nei-
[the] people of
noun · construct
קֵדָר
ke·dar
Kedar
noun
יִמְעָטוּ
yim·'a·tu
they will be few
verb · qal · imperfect
כִּי
ki
for
particle
יְהוָה
yah·weh
Yahweh
noun
אֱלֹהֵי־
'e·lo·hei-
[the] God of
noun · construct
יִשְׂרָאֵל
yis·ra·'el
Israel
noun
דִּבֵּר ס
di·ber
he has spoken
verb · piel · perfect
The remaining archers, the warriors of Kedar, will be few.” For the LORD, the God of Israel, has spoken.
Isaiah 20
Isaiah 22
Grammar, simply: what the labels mean · Look up a word
English: Berean Standard Bible (public domain). Hebrew and Greek data from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge), CC BY 4.0. Grammar from STEPBible.org (Tyndale House, Cambridge, CC BY 4.0). Sentence structure and references from MACULA Greek and Hebrew (Biblica / Clear Bible, CC BY 4.0). Meaning groups from the UBS MARBLE Semantic Dictionary of Biblical Greek, based on Louw & Nida. Words marked with a dotted line are found in only some manuscripts.